通过键入在python 3中继承泛型类型

Question

我正在做一些在Python 3.6中输入的实验.我想设计一个可以通过两种方式实例化的实体类:

• 通过使用普通的初始化程序(p = Person(name='Hannes', age=27))
• 静态来自状态对象(p = Person.from_state(person_state)).

Person派生的Entity类将状态类作为泛型参数.但是,当使用pypy验证代码时,我收到一个错误,即Person#from_state没有从它继承的类中获取状态类型:

untitled2.py:47:错误:"实体"的"from_state"的参数1具有不兼容的类型"UserState"; 预期的"StateType"

我认为通过继承Entity[UserState],StateType将被绑定UserState并且子类中的方法签名将相应地更新.

这是完整的代码.我已经标记了我怀疑我做错了事的路线?????.第47行几乎位于底部并在代码中标记.

from typing import TypeVar, Generic, NamedTuple, List, NewType

EntityId = NewType('EntityId', str)

StateType = TypeVar('StateType')

class Entity(Generic[StateType]):
    id: EntityId = None
    state: StateType = None

    @classmethod
    def from_state(cls, state: StateType): # ?????
        ret = object.__new__(cls)
        ret.id = None
        ret.state = state
        return ret

    def assign_id(self, id: EntityId) -> None:
        self.id = id

class UserState(NamedTuple):
    name: str
    age: int

class User(Entity[UserState]):
    def __init__(self, name, age) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.state = UserState(name=name, age=age)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.state.name

    @property
    def age(self) -> int:
        return self.state.age

    def have_birthday(self) -> None:
        new_age = self.state.age+1
        self.state = self.state._replace(age=new_age)

# Create first object with constructor
u1 = User(name='Anders', age=47)

# Create second object from state
user_state = UserState(name='Hannes', age=27)
u2 = User.from_state(user_state) # Line 47

print(u1.state)
print(u2.state)

Answer 1

我知道这个问题有点老了，但仅供将来参考：

from __future__ import annotations
from typing import NamedTuple, Optional, Type


class UserState(NamedTuple):
    name: str
    age: int


class Entity:
    id: Optional[str]
    state: UserState

    @classmethod
    def from_state(cls: Type[Entity], state: UserState) -> Entity:
        entity_from_state: Entity = object.__new__(cls)
        entity_from_state.id = None
        entity_from_state.state = state
        return entity_from_state

    def assign_id(self, id: str) -> None:
        self.id = id


class User(Entity):
    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int) -> None:
        self.state = UserState(name=name, age=age)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.state.name

    @property
    def age(self) -> int:
        return self.state.age

    def have_birthday(self) -> None:
        new_age = self.state.age + 1
        self.state = self.state._replace(age=new_age)


# Create first object with constructor
u1 = User(name="Anders", age=47)

# Create second object from state
user_state = UserState(name="Hannes", age=27)
u2 = User.from_state(user_state)  # Line 47

print(u1.state)
print(u2.state)