如何沿现有道路在两点之间绘制路线？

Question

我想在我的Android应用程序中显示两个位置之间的行车路线.我想在路段之上绘制路线.

堆栈溢出本身有几个答案,所有这些都使用相同的方法.使用Google Directions API获取从起点到目的地的路线,并在返回的点上绘制折线.以下是使用此方法的一些答案.

/sf/answers/1190515231/

/sf/answers/2839475131/

但是,上述方法的问题是,当道路不直时,黎明死记硬背并不总是在道路上,因为方向API只返回您需要从一条道路转向另一条道路的点(在交叉点处).它没有在同一道路段的弯道中给出点数细节.因此,当我在道路有很多弯道的区域使用上述方法时,几乎总是绘制的路线不在路段之上.

我找到了这个答案,它使用javascript API做我需要做的事情.在这个解决方案中,绘制的路线很好地遵循道路,类似于谷歌地图Android应用程序.有人知道这是否可以在Android应用程序中实现？

谷歌地图Android应用程序可以很好地绘制从一个点到另一个点的路线,保持路线在道路上.有谁知道谷歌地图是如何做到这一点的？它是否使用任何其他未公开的API？

Answer 1

实际上,您可以使用Directions API网络服务提供的结果在Google Maps Android API中绘制精确路线.如果您阅读Directions API的文档,您会看到该响应包含有关路径支路和步骤的信息.每个步骤都有一个字段polyline,在文档中描述为

折线包含单个点对象,该对象包含步骤的编码折线表示.该折线是该步骤的近似(平滑)路径.

因此,解决您的问题的主要思想是从Directions API获取响应,循环路径支路和步骤,为每个步骤获取编码折线并将其解码为坐标列表.完成后,您将获得所有坐标的列表,这些坐标使路线更加复杂,而不仅仅是每个步骤的起点和终点.

为简单起见,我建议将Java客户端库用于Google Maps Web服务:

https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-java

使用此库可以避免为折线实现自己的异步任务和解码功能.阅读文档以了解如何在项目中添加客户端库.

在Gradle中应该是类似的东西

compile 'com.google.maps:google-maps-services:(insert latest version)'
compile 'org.slf4j:slf4j-nop:1.7.25'

我创建了一个简单的例子来演示它是如何工作的.看看我在代码中的评论

public class MapsActivity extends FragmentActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback {

    private GoogleMap mMap;
    private String TAG = "so47492459";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);
        // Obtain the SupportMapFragment and get notified when the map is ready to be used.
        SupportMapFragment mapFragment = (SupportMapFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.map);
        mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {
        mMap = googleMap;

        LatLng barcelona = new LatLng(41.385064,2.173403);
        mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(barcelona).title("Marker in Barcelona"));

        LatLng madrid = new LatLng(40.416775,-3.70379);
        mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(madrid).title("Marker in Madrid"));

        LatLng zaragoza = new LatLng(41.648823,-0.889085);

        //Define list to get all latlng for the route
        List<LatLng> path = new ArrayList();


        //Execute Directions API request
        GeoApiContext context = new GeoApiContext.Builder()
                .apiKey("YOUR_API_KEY")
                .build();
        DirectionsApiRequest req = DirectionsApi.getDirections(context, "41.385064,2.173403", "40.416775,-3.70379");
        try {
            DirectionsResult res = req.await();

            //Loop through legs and steps to get encoded polylines of each step
            if (res.routes != null && res.routes.length > 0) {
                DirectionsRoute route = res.routes[0];

                if (route.legs !=null) {
                    for(int i=0; i<route.legs.length; i++) {
                        DirectionsLeg leg = route.legs[i];
                        if (leg.steps != null) {
                            for (int j=0; j<leg.steps.length;j++){
                                DirectionsStep step = leg.steps[j];
                                if (step.steps != null && step.steps.length >0) {
                                    for (int k=0; k<step.steps.length;k++){
                                        DirectionsStep step1 = step.steps[k];
                                        EncodedPolyline points1 = step1.polyline;
                                        if (points1 != null) {
                                            //Decode polyline and add points to list of route coordinates
                                            List<com.google.maps.model.LatLng> coords1 = points1.decodePath();
                                            for (com.google.maps.model.LatLng coord1 : coords1) {
                                                path.add(new LatLng(coord1.lat, coord1.lng));
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    EncodedPolyline points = step.polyline;
                                    if (points != null) {
                                        //Decode polyline and add points to list of route coordinates
                                        List<com.google.maps.model.LatLng> coords = points.decodePath();
                                        for (com.google.maps.model.LatLng coord : coords) {
                                            path.add(new LatLng(coord.lat, coord.lng));
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch(Exception ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, ex.getLocalizedMessage());
        }

        //Draw the polyline
        if (path.size() > 0) {
            PolylineOptions opts = new PolylineOptions().addAll(path).color(Color.BLUE).width(5);
            mMap.addPolyline(opts);
        }

        mMap.getUiSettings().setZoomControlsEnabled(true);

        mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(zaragoza, 6));
    }
}

请注意,对于Web服务,您必须创建单独的API密钥,具有Android应用限制的API密钥将无法与Web服务一起使用.

我的示例的结果显示在屏幕截图中

您也可以从中下载完整的示例项目

https://github.com/xomena-so/so47492459

不要忘记用你的API替换API密钥.

我希望这有帮助!

Answer 2

从 Google 控制台启用 Direction API。API_KEY在GetPathFromLocation.java课堂上替换

import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;

import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.PolylineOptions;

import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

public class GetPathFromLocation extends AsyncTask<String, Void, PolylineOptions> {

    private String TAG = "GetPathFromLocation";
    private String API_KEY = "Place_Your_API_Key";
    private LatLng source, destination;
    private DirectionPointListener resultCallback;

    public GetPathFromLocation(LatLng source, LatLng destination, DirectionPointListener resultCallback) {
        this.source = source;
        this.destination = destination;
        this.resultCallback = resultCallback;
    }

    public String getUrl(LatLng origin, LatLng dest) {

        String str_origin = "origin=" + origin.latitude + "," + origin.longitude;
        String str_dest = "destination=" + dest.latitude + "," + dest.longitude;
        String sensor = "sensor=false";
        String parameters = str_origin + "&" + str_dest + "&" + sensor;
        String output = "json";
        String url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/" + output + "?" + parameters + "&key=" + API_KEY;

        return url;
    }

    @Override
    protected PolylineOptions doInBackground(String... url) {

        String data;

        try {
            InputStream inputStream = null;
            HttpURLConnection connection = null;
            try {
                URL directionUrl = new URL(getUrl(source, destination));
                connection = (HttpURLConnection) directionUrl.openConnection();
                connection.connect();
                inputStream = connection.getInputStream();

                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

                String line = "";
                while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    stringBuffer.append(line);
                }

                data = stringBuffer.toString();
                bufferedReader.close();

            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Exception : " + e.toString());
                return null;
            } finally {
                inputStream.close();
                connection.disconnect();
            }
            Log.e(TAG, "Background Task data : " + data);


            JSONObject jsonObject;
            List<List<HashMap<String, String>>> routes = null;

            try {
                jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
                // Starts parsing data
                DirectionHelper helper = new DirectionHelper();
                routes = helper.parse(jsonObject);
                Log.e(TAG, "Executing Routes : "/*, routes.toString()*/);


                ArrayList<LatLng> points;
                PolylineOptions lineOptions = null;

                // Traversing through all the routes
                for (int i = 0; i < routes.size(); i++) {
                    points = new ArrayList<>();
                    lineOptions = new PolylineOptions();

                    // Fetching i-th route
                    List<HashMap<String, String>> path = routes.get(i);

                    // Fetching all the points in i-th route
                    for (int j = 0; j < path.size(); j++) {
                        HashMap<String, String> point = path.get(j);

                        double lat = Double.parseDouble(point.get("lat"));
                        double lng = Double.parseDouble(point.get("lng"));
                        LatLng position = new LatLng(lat, lng);

                        points.add(position);
                    }

                    // Adding all the points in the route to LineOptions
                    lineOptions.addAll(points);
                    lineOptions.width(10);
                    lineOptions.color(Color.BLUE);

                    Log.e(TAG, "PolylineOptions Decoded");
                }

                // Drawing polyline in the Google Map for the i-th route
                if (lineOptions != null) {
                    return lineOptions;
                } else {
                    return null;
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Exception in Executing Routes : " + e.toString());
                return null;
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Background Task Exception : " + e.toString());
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(PolylineOptions polylineOptions) {
        super.onPostExecute(polylineOptions);
        if (resultCallback != null && polylineOptions != null)
            resultCallback.onPath(polylineOptions);
    }
}

方向助手.java

import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

public class DirectionHelper {

    public List<List<HashMap<String, String>>> parse(JSONObject jObject) {

        List<List<HashMap<String, String>>> routes = new ArrayList<>();
        JSONArray jRoutes;
        JSONArray jLegs;
        JSONArray jSteps;

        try {

            jRoutes = jObject.getJSONArray("routes");

            /** Traversing all routes */
            for (int i = 0; i < jRoutes.length(); i++) {
                jLegs = ((JSONObject) jRoutes.get(i)).getJSONArray("legs");
                List path = new ArrayList<>();

                /** Traversing all legs */
                for (int j = 0; j < jLegs.length(); j++) {
                    jSteps = ((JSONObject) jLegs.get(j)).getJSONArray("steps");

                    /** Traversing all steps */
                    for (int k = 0; k < jSteps.length(); k++) {
                        String polyline = "";
                        polyline = (String) ((JSONObject) ((JSONObject) jSteps.get(k)).get("polyline")).get("points");
                        List<LatLng> list = decodePoly(polyline);

                        /** Traversing all points */
                        for (int l = 0; l < list.size(); l++) {
                            HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<>();
                            hm.put("lat", Double.toString((list.get(l)).latitude));
                            hm.put("lng", Double.toString((list.get(l)).longitude));
                            path.add(hm);
                        }
                    }
                    routes.add(path);
                }
            }

        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }


        return routes;
    }

    //Method to decode polyline points
    private List<LatLng> decodePoly(String encoded) {

        List<LatLng> poly = new ArrayList<>();
        int index = 0, len = encoded.length();
        int lat = 0, lng = 0;

        while (index < len) {
            int b, shift = 0, result = 0;
            do {
                b = encoded.charAt(index++) - 63;
                result |= (b & 0x1f) << shift;
                shift += 5;
            } while (b >= 0x20);
            int dlat = ((result & 1) != 0 ? ~(result >> 1) : (result >> 1));
            lat += dlat;

            shift = 0;
            result = 0;
            do {
                b = encoded.charAt(index++) - 63;
                result |= (b & 0x1f) << shift;
                shift += 5;
            } while (b >= 0x20);
            int dlng = ((result & 1) != 0 ? ~(result >> 1) : (result >> 1));
            lng += dlng;

            LatLng p = new LatLng((((double) lat / 1E5)),
                    (((double) lng / 1E5)));
            poly.add(p);
        }

        return poly;
    }
}

方向点监听器.java

import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.PolylineOptions;

public interface DirectionPointListener {
    public void onPath(PolylineOptions polyLine);
}

在 Activity 或 Fragment 中使用

LatLng source = new LatLng(xx.xxxx, yy.yyyy);
LatLng destination = new LatLng(xx.xxxx, yy.yyyy);

new GetPathFromLocation(source, destination, new DirectionPointListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPath(PolylineOptions polyLine) {
                yourMap.addPolyline(polyLine);
            }
        }).execute();