/ usr/local/lib是否搜索了共享库？

Question

被/usr/local/lib搜索的共享库？我有这个错误:

[Leo@chessman ~]$ whereis ffmpeg
ffmpeg: /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg: error while loading shared libraries: libavcore.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ls /usr/local/lib/libav*
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a            /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so           /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52        /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52.108.0  /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1.74.0
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.a             /usr/local/lib/libavformat.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so            /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0          /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0.16.1     /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52.94.0
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.a           /usr/local/lib/libavutil.a
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so          /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52       /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52.2.3   /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50.36.0
[Leo@chessman ~]$ 

Answer 1

确保将您LD_LIBRARY_PATH的设置包含在要搜索的所有目录中,然后再次进行测试.

您可以使用以下命令快速测试:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib ffmpeg

这将仅为该调用设置它.

或者,您可以编辑/etc/ld.so.conf包含搜索的默认目录的内容.某些Linux发行版可能不包含/usr/local/lib在该文件中.

请注意,您可能还需要/etc/ld.so.cache通过运行ldconfig(以root或with sudo)来更新缓存.

Answer 2

来自http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html:

GNU标准建议在分发源代码时默认安装/ usr/local/lib中的所有库(并且所有命令都应该进入/ usr/local/bin).

...

要搜索的目录列表存储在文件/etc/ld.so.conf中.许多Red Hat派生的发行版通常不包含文件/etc/ld.so.conf中的/ usr/local/lib.我认为这是一个错误,将/ usr/local/lib添加到/etc/ld.so.conf是在Red Hat派生系统上运行许多程序所需的常见"修复".

在Debian中/etc/ld.so.conf包含include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf,/etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf包含

# libc default configuration
/usr/local/lib

Answer 3

是的,不是

程序有一个编译(ok,"链接")的想法,可以找到它们的库.如果程序期望找到它的lib,/usr/local/lib那么它将会.

还有一个名为的程序ldconfig和一个名为的配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf,很可能是一个/etc/ld.so.conf.d,它们用于指定特定于站点的目录.

阅读"man ld.so",其中列出了环境变量等其他旋钮LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

LD.SO(8)                   Linux Programmer’s Manual                  LD.SO(8)

NAME
       ld.so, ld-linux.so* - dynamic linker/loader

DESCRIPTION
       The  programs ld.so and ld-linux.so* find and load the shared libraries
       needed by a program, prepare the program to run, and then run it.
. . .

...和...

LDCONFIG(8)                Linux Programmer’s Manual               LDCONFIG(8)

NAME
       /sbin/ldconfig - configure dynamic linker run time bindings

SYNOPSIS
       /sbin/ldconfig  [  -nNvXV ] [ -f conf ] [ -C cache ] [ -r root ] direc-
       tory ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -l [ -v ] library ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -p

DESCRIPTION
       ldconfig creates the necessary links  and  cache  to  the  most  recent
       shared  libraries  found  in  the  directories specified on the command
       line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib
       and  /usr/lib).  The cache is used by the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-
       linux.so.  ldconfig checks the header and filenames of the libraries it
       encounters  when  determining  which  versions  should have their links
       updated.
. . .

Answer 4

find / -name 'libavdevice.so.*' 找出这个图书馆是否可用.

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf

添加这些行并保存:

include /usr/local/lib
include /usr

ldconfig

Answer 5

IIRC,ld.so使用文件/etc/ld.so.conf列出要搜索共享对象的目录.您也可以使用环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

Linux上的ELF头文件也可能包含RPATH条目.检查RPATH条目运行

readelf -d ffmpeg | grep RPATH

你可能不会得到任何结果.在编译时设置RPATH:

gcc ... -wl, -rpath=MY_PATH

如果要使用执行目录 \$ORIGIN

某些程序(如chrpath)允许您编辑现有二进制文件的RPATH.

注意:任何setuid程序都不会使用,LD_LIBRARY_PATH因为它存在安全风险.

Answer 6

这个老问题的另一个选择是使用 LD_RUN_PATH。

export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib

然后再次编译：

make
make install
ldconfig

比使用 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 更好。来自@cweiske linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/ld-lib-path.html 的原始参考