Zappa/AWS - 电子邮件不会发送，只是超时

Question

目前，我已经为我的交易电子邮件提供商（邮戳）尝试了普通的 Django SMTP 和一些不同的基于 api 的 Django 库。

当我运行我的开发服务器时，一切正常。通过 Postmark API 发送电子邮件没有问题。

当我使用 Zappa 部署到 AWS 时，访问我的网站并执行一项应该发送电子邮件的任务（例如重置用户密码），页面会不断加载，直到显示Endpoint request timed out。

我尝试将我的 AWS Lambda 函数的超时设置为更长的持续时间，以防 Django 决定抛出错误。

这是抛出的错误。请记住，此错误仅发生在生产中。我创建了一个自定义管理命令来检索此错误。

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.postmarkapp.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /email/batch (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7f6cfbd5dd30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out',)): ConnectionError
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/var/task/handler.py", line 509, in lambda_handler
    return LambdaHandler.lambda_handler(event, context)
  File "/var/task/handler.py", line 240, in lambda_handler
    return handler.handler(event, context)
  File "/var/task/handler.py", line 376, in handler
    management.call_command(*event['manage'].split(' '))
  File "/var/task/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 131, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/var/task/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/var/task/users/management/commands/sendemail.py", line 13, in handle
    fail_silently=False,
  File "/var/task/django/core/mail/__init__.py", line 62, in send_mail
    return mail.send()
  File "/var/task/django/core/mail/message.py", line 348, in send
    return self.get_connection(fail_silently).send_messages([self])
  File "/var/task/postmarker/django/backend.py", line 66, in send_messages
    responses = self.client.emails.send_batch(*prepared_messages, TrackOpens=self.get_option('TRACK_OPENS'))
  File "/var/task/postmarker/models/emails.py", line 332, in send_batch
    return self.EmailBatch(*emails).send(**extra)
  File "/var/task/postmarker/models/emails.py", line 247, in send
    responses = [self._manager._send_batch(*batch) for batch in chunks(emails, self.MAX_SIZE)]
  File "/var/task/postmarker/models/emails.py", line 247, in <listcomp>
    responses = [self._manager._send_batch(*batch) for batch in chunks(emails, self.MAX_SIZE)]
  File "/var/task/postmarker/models/emails.py", line 276, in _send_batch
    return self.call('POST', '/email/batch', data=emails)
  File "/var/task/postmarker/models/base.py", line 72, in call
    return self.client.call(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/var/task/postmarker/core.py", line 106, in call
    **kwargs
  File "/var/task/postmarker/core.py", line 129, in _call
    method, url, json=data, params=kwargs, headers=default_headers, timeout=self.timeout
  File "/var/task/requests/sessions.py", line 508, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/var/task/requests/sessions.py", line 618, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/var/task/requests/adapters.py", line 508, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.postmarkapp.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /email/batch (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x7f6cfbd5dd30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out',))

我已允许所有传入和传出流量进入我的 AWS 安全组以尝试解决此问题。还是无济于事。

任何帮助将不胜感激，不胜感激。干杯。

Answer 1

解释很简单：在 VPC 中运行的 Lambda 实例无法访问互联网：

当您将 VPC 配置添加到 Lambda 函数时，它只能访问该 VPC 中的资源。如果 Lambda 函数需要访问 VPC 资源和公共 Internet，则 VPC 需要在 VPC 内部有一个网络地址转换 (NAT) 实例。

解决方案也很简单，如果很烦人：在 VPC 中运行NAT 实例或NAT 网关。（另一种解决方案是将您的 Lambda 移出 VPC，但这是一个更大的变化。）

我正在 Lambda 中运行 Django/Zappa，并使用 NAT 实例连接到 Amazon Simple Email Service，并且运行良好。