如何将这个简单的5个字节转换回4个字节？(将4个字节转换为5个字节的算法是已知的)

Question

将输入的8位十六进制数转换为10位的算法如下:

Given that the 8 digit number is: '12 34 56 78'

x1 = 1 * 16^8 * 2^3
x2 = 2 * 16^7 * 2^2
x3 = 3 * 16^6 * 2^1
x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0

Final 10 digit hex is:
=> x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 
=> '08 86 42 98 E8'

问题是 - how to go back to 8 digit hex from a given 10 digit hex (for example: 08 86 42 98 E8 to 12 34 56 78)

一些示例输入和输出如下:

input                output

11 11 11 11          08 42 10 84 21
22 22 33 33          10 84 21 8C 63
AB CD 12 34          52 D8 D0 88 64
45 78 96 32          21 4E 84 98 62
FF FF FF FF          7B DE F7 BD EF

PS我认为问题不仅限于8位或10位数.如果是输入11,则输出为08.

Answer 1

从这个转换算法:

x1 = 1 * 16^8 * 2^3
x2 = 2 * 16^7 * 2^2
x3 = 3 * 16^6 * 2^1
x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0

16^4跳过之后你可以看到它16^6.拉一下,以便安排得很好.

x1 = 1 * 16^7 * 16^1 * 2^3
x2 = 2 * 16^6 * 16^1 * 2^2
x3 = 3 * 16^5 * 16^1 * 2^1
x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0

16^1是的2^4,所以

x1 = 1 * 16^7 * 2^4 * 2^3
x2 = 2 * 16^6 * 2^4 * 2^2
x3 = 3 * 16^5 * 2^4 * 2^1
x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0

把它们放在一起,你会发现电源很好.

x1 = 1 * 16^7 * 2^7
x2 = 2 * 16^6 * 2^6
x3 = 3 * 16^5 * 2^5
x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0

乘以2^something可以看作是左移算子.

x1 = 1 * 16^7 << 7
x2 = 2 * 16^6 << 6
x3 = 3 * 16^5 << 5
x4 = 4 * 16^4 << 4
x5 = 5 * 16^3 << 3
x6 = 6 * 16^2 << 2
x7 = 7 * 16^1 << 1
x8 = 8 * 16^0 << 0

16^something 用于乘以16.这样,这4个字节的数字

AAAABBBB CCCCDDDD EEEEFFFF GGGGHHHH

成为5个字节:

0AAAA0BB BB0CCCC0 DDDD0EEE E0FFFF0G GGG0HHHH

因此,使用该图片,您可以创建一个函数,该函数采用10位十六进制数,并使用简单的按位运算输出为4位十六进制数.

为简单起见,我将在此示例C代码上使用unsigned char:

void convert(unsigned char five[], unsigned char four[]) {
    four[0] = (five[0] << 1) & 0xF0  // 11110000
            | (five[0] << 2) & 0x0C  // 00001100
            | (five[1] >> 6) & 0x03; // 00000011
    four[1] = (five[1] << 3) & 0xF0  // 11110000
            | (five[2] >> 4) & 0x0F; // 00001111
    four[2] = (five[2] << 5) & 0xE0  // 11100000
            | (five[3] >> 3) & 0x10  // 00010000
            | (five[3] >> 2) & 0x0F; // 00001111
    four[3] = (five[3] << 7) & 0x80  // 10000000
            | (five[4] >> 1) & 0x70  // 01110000
            | (five[4])      & 0x0F; // 00001111
}

和输出(见完整代码):

 08 42 10 84 21      11 11 11 11
 10 84 21 8C 63      22 22 33 33
 52 D8 D0 88 64      AB CD 12 34
 21 4E 84 98 62      45 78 96 32
 7B DE F7 BD EF      FF FF FF FF