lin*_*ndy 4 ruby rake rspec ruby-on-rails travis-ci
我有一个 Rails 项目并使用 RSpec 进行测试。最近，我在我的spec_helper.rb：
config.before(:suite) do
Rails.application.load_tasks
end
如果我在本地运行测试bundle exec rspec，一切都很好。但是当我尝试在 Travis CI 上执行相同的操作时，命令崩溃并显示：
TypeError: superclass mismatch for class Task
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:9:in `<module:Rails>'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:8:in `<module:Sprockets>'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.9/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/railtie.rb:163:in `block in <class:Railtie>'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:237:in `instance_exec'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:237:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:245:in `each'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:245:in `each_registered_block'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:237:in `run_tasks_blocks'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/application.rb:451:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine/railties.rb:13:in `each'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine/railties.rb:13:in `each'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/application.rb:451:in `run_tasks_blocks'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/engine.rb:453:in `load_tasks'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `public_send'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `method_missing'
from (irb):25
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:110:in `start'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:9:in `start'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:68:in `console'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:39:in `run_command!'
from /home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-4.2.9/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `<top (required)>'
from bin/rails:4:in `require'
from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
如果我调试 Travis 构建并手动启动bundle exec rails c并执行a，也会发生同样的事情Rails.application.load_tasks.
这里可能出现什么问题？任何线索将不胜感激！
TypeError: superclass mismatch当您重新打开一个类并尝试为其重新定义超类时会发生这种情况。这是强制此错误的一种方法：
class A; end
class B < A; end
class C; end
class B < C; end # raises error
由于这只发生在 Travis 环境中，因此如果可能的话我会在那里调试它：
/home/travis/build/my_application/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb使用 vim nano 或类似的 CLI 编辑器打开require 'pry'; binding.pry，位于导致错误的行上方bundle installTask。由于您得到TypeError: superclass mismatch,Task必须在重新打开它的这一行之前定义。show-source Task应该告诉你它是在哪里定义的。