Spring Junit org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException：打开端口“9092”时出现异常（端口可能正在使用中）

Question

我的应用程序使用 Spring Boot、Hibernate、JUnit 构建。我使用 H2 数据库进行内存测试，并创建了一个 bean 以便能够使用 SQL 工具连接到 H2 数据库。

@Configuration
public class H2DataBaseTestConfig {
    @Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "stop")
    public Server h2Server() throws SQLException {
        return Server.createTcpServer("-tcp", "-tcpAllowOthers", "-tcpPort", "9092");
    }
}

如果我运行一个测试，它工作正常，但如果我运行所有测试，我会在第二个和所有下一个测试类上收到错误

Exception opening port "9092" (port may be in use)

这看起来像 Spring 尝试创建应用程序上下文并在每次运行下一个测试类时启动 bean，尽管这与它自己打开的端口有某种冲突。我怎样才能运行所有测试并使这个 bean 正常工作？

更新

由于很多人提到测试类注释，我将在这里展示它们：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(IndeedScraper.class)
@TestPropertySource(locations="classpath:test.properties")

我有几个 @Configuration 类：两个数据库连接/事务/实体管理类，并在此处描述 h2Server bean。h2Server bean builder类存储在src/test/java中，而其他@Configuration类存储在src/main/java中

结束更新

这里完整的堆栈跟踪供参考：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:249)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'h2Server' defined in class path resource [healthjobs/scraper/H2DataBaseTestConfig.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Exception opening port "9092" (port may be in use), cause: "java.net.BindException: Address already in use (Bind failed)" [90061-192]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1578)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:545)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:839)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:538)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:760)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.createAndRefreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:306)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader.loadContext(SpringApplicationContextLoader.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    ... 25 more
Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Exception opening port "9092" (port may be in use), cause: "java.net.BindException: Address already in use (Bind failed)" [90061-192]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:345)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:168)
    at org.h2.util.NetUtils.createServerSocketTry(NetUtils.java:199)
    at org.h2.util.NetUtils.createServerSocket(NetUtils.java:165)
    at org.h2.server.TcpServer.start(TcpServer.java:232)
    at org.h2.tools.Server.start(Server.java:484)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeCustomInitMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1706)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1645)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1574)
    ... 40 more
Caused by: java.net.BindException: Address already in use (Bind failed)
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketBind(Native Method)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.bind(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:387)
    at java.net.ServerSocket.bind(ServerSocket.java:375)
    at java.net.ServerSocket.<init>(ServerSocket.java:237)
    at java.net.ServerSocket.<init>(ServerSocket.java:128)
    at org.h2.util.NetUtils.createServerSocketTry(NetUtils.java:195)
    ... 50 more

Answer 1

其中一个选项可以在测试类之间共享 Spring 上下文，如本集成测试教程中所述，并且还要注意Spring 文档中的上下文缓存描述

也就是说，要与单元测试类共享相同的运行时上下文，请尝试注释所有需要 H2 连接的单元测试，如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
...
@ContextConfiguration(classes=H2DataBaseTestConfig.class, loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class SomeServiceTest {
    ...

请注意，此方法不依赖于 SpringBoot 集成测试支持，该支持在本线程的另一个答案中提到。

更新

由于它看起来并不明显，您可能需要在其中列出所有其他必要的 @Configuration 注释类，以@ContextConfiguration(classes={H2Config.class, MyConfigFromSrcTest.class, MyConfigFromSrcMain.class, ...}, ...反映集成测试类所需的所有上下文部分的超集。然后，将使用这些配置类的精确集合作为缓存键来缓存生成的上下文