Model类不声明显式的app_label,也不在INSTALLED_APPS的应用程序中

Question

我正在使用sphinx,并试图为我的Django项目生成文档.我决定首先尝试记录模型,所以在我的.rst文件中我做了这个

wdland\.models
==============

.. automodule:: wdland.models
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

但是得到以下错误

WARNING: /home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/docs/wdland.rst:9: (WARNING/2) autodoc: failed to import module 'wdland.models'; the following exception was raised:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sphinx/ext/autodoc.py", line 657, in import_object
    __import__(self.modname)
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/wdland/models.py", line 35, in <module>
    class Device(models.Model):
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 118, in __new__
    "INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class wdland.models.Device doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

经过一些谷歌搜索,我在这里发现了一个解决方案Django 1.9弃用警告app_label在" 2016年1月11日14:54"看到来自РоманАрсеньев的评论

我进入了models.py并按照上面的帖子将"class Meta:app_label"添加到我在models.py中的每个类中.这解决了问题,我能够使用sphinx-build脚本为我的模型生成文档.

现在我想为views.py做同样的事情并在我的.rst文件中做到这一点

wdland\.views
=============

.. automodule:: wdland.views
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

但是在编译时我得到了这个新的类似错误,我一直无法找到它的解决方案,也没理解以前的模型修复.

WARNING: /home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/docs/wdland.rst:19: (WARNING/2) autodoc: failed to import module 'wdland.views'; the following exception was raised:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sphinx/ext/autodoc.py", line 657, in import_object
    __import__(self.modname)
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/wdland/views.py", line 2, in <module>
    from . import views
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/wdland/views.py", line 19, in <module>
    from .forms import TicketForm, TicketAmendForm
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/source/wdland/forms.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.forms import AuthenticationForm
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/forms.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 6, in <module>
    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 139, in <module>
    class ContentType(models.Model):
  File "/home/fabou/wdlandenvpy3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 118, in __new__
    "INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class django.contrib.contenttypes.models.ContentType doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.

这里是相关的sphinx配置

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import django
import os
import sphinx_rtd_theme
import sys

from django.conf import settings

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../'))
settings.configure()
django.setup()

wdland是一个Django应用程序,在我的设置文件中的INSTALLED_APPS元组中列出.sphinx docs文件夹与wdland文件夹处于同一级别.

读取关于该主题的类似线程似乎指向在被调用时尚未加载的模块.我不知道如何修复,因为没有经历过sphinx和Django.关于如何解决这个问题的任何想法？

尝试记录urls.py会产生类似的错误.

编辑: 这是我的view.py的开头

import datetime

from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.db.models import Q
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponse
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views import generic
from random import randint
from script.serversnmp import get_ubuntu_snmp, get_esxi_snmp
from script.wdlandtools import get_monthly_sess_hour_stats,\
                                get_monthly_sess_nb_stats,\
                                get_monthly_ticket_stats,\
                                get_ticket_category_stats,\
                                clean_usersession_tbl, update_usertotals_tbl,\
                                send_email_notification, get_adsl_usage
from wdland.models import Device, UserSession, SupportTicket, News, UserTotals,\
                            SavedUsrSess
from .forms import TicketForm, TicketAmendForm

from jchart import Chart
from jchart.config import Axes, DataSet, rgba

Answer 1

我的解决方案是在你的应用程序内创建一个BaseModel抽象类models.py,你的错误可能是:

class BaseModel(models.Model):

    class Meta:
        abstract = True  # specify this model as an Abstract Model
        app_label = 'wdland'

并使所有模型继承而不是通常的models.Model.

为了解决这个问题,我找到了尝试找出错误消息的基础知识,其中指出:

模型类wdland.models.Device不声明显式的app_label,也不在INSTALLED_APPS的应用程序中.

我也有一个不同的应用程序相同的错误.添加请求的"app_label"解决了这个问题.

Answer 2

我认为你在django 设置中没有django.contrib.contenttypes这个。所以将其添加到django 设置中INSTALLED_APPSINSTALLED_APPS