如何创建纯CSS三维球体？

Question

tl; dr: 我想用CSS创建一个实际的3D球体 - 而不仅仅是一种幻觉

注意:某些代码段示例没有响应.请全屏使用.

---

使用纯CSS,您可以创建和动画 三维立方体,如下所示:

#cube-wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  perspective: 1500px;
}

.cube {
  position: relative;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation-name: rotate;
  animation-duration: 30s;
  animation-timing-function: linear;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 360deg);
    ;
  }
}

.face {
  position: absolute;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border: solid green 3px;
}

#front_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-100px) translateZ(100px);
  background: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

#back_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-100px) translateZ(-100px);
  background: rgba(255, 0, 255, 0.5);
}

#right_face {
  transform: translateY(-100px) rotateY(90deg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5);
}

#left_face {
  transform: translateY(-100px) translateX(-200px) rotateY(90deg);
  background: rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.5);
}

#top_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-200px) rotateX(90deg);
  background: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

#bottom_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) rotateX(90deg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.cube {
  transform: rotateX(90deg) rotateY(90deg);
}

<div id="cube-wrapper">
  <div class="cube">
    <div id="front_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="right_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="back_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="left_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="top_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="bottom_face" class="face"></div>
  </div>
</div>

我想以相同的方式创建和制作3d球体动画.

所以...我得到的第一个想法就是使用border-radius......好吧......它不起作用.

#cube-wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  perspective: 1500px;
}

.cube {
  position: relative;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation-name: rotate;
  animation-duration: 30s;
  animation-timing-function: linear;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 360deg);
   
    ;
  }
}


.face {
  position: absolute;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border: solid green 3px;
  border-radius: 100vw
}


 

#front_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-100px) translateZ(100px);
  background: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

#back_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-100px) translateZ(-100px);
  background: rgba(255, 0, 255, 0.5);
}

#right_face {
  transform: translateY(-100px) rotateY(90deg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5);
}

#left_face {
  transform: translateY(-100px) translateX(-200px) rotateY(90deg);
  background: rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.5);
}

#top_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) translateY(-200px) rotateX(90deg);
  background: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

#bottom_face {
  transform: translateX(-100px) rotateX(90deg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.cube {
  transform: rotateX(90deg) rotateY(90deg);
}

<div id="cube-wrapper">
  <div class="cube">
    <div id="front_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="right_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="back_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="left_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="top_face" class="face"></div>
    <div id="bottom_face" class="face"></div>
  </div>
</div>

所以,我重新考虑了我的方法,并寻找一种不同的方法.

我在看:

• 在网站中实施"纯CSS球体" - 我该怎么做？
• 如何在css中创建一个球体？
• 使用CSS/Javascript显示围绕球体的图像
• cssanimation.rocks - CSS领域
• MDN - 圈子

然后我再试一次......我得到的最好的是过于复杂的三维物体幻觉.

像这样:

body {
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #333;
}

.wrapper {
  margin: 1em;
  animation-duration: 20s;
}

.planet,
.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  height: 300px;
  width: 300px;
  border-radius: 100vw;
  will-change: transform;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.planet {
  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 10px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  position: relative;
}

.wrapper,
.planet,
.planet:before {
  animation-name: myrotate;
  animation-duration: 20s;
}

.wrapper,
.planet,
.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  animation-timing-function: linear;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}

.planet:before {
  box-shadow: inset 20px 20px 100px 00px rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), 0px 0px 5px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

.planet:after {
  filter: saturate(2.5);
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 1), transparent), url("https://i.stack.imgur.com/eDYPN.jpg");
  opacity: 0.3;
  box-shadow: inset -20px -20px 14px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
  animation-name: myopacity;
  animation-duration: 5000000s;
}

@keyframes myrotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotatez(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotatez(360deg);
  }
}

@keyframes myopacity {
  0% {
    background-position: 0px;
    transform: rotatez(0deg);
  }
  50% {
    background-position: 100000000px;
  }
  100% {
    background-position: 0;
    transform: rotatez(-360deg);
  }
}

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="planet"></div>
</div>

还有这个:

body {
  background: #131418;
}

.wrapper {
  margin: 1em;
  max-width: 100%;
  position: fixed;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.planet,
.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  height: 500px;
  width: 500px;
  max-height: 30vw;
  max-width: 30vw;
  border-radius: 100vw;
  will-change: transform;
}

.planet {
  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 100px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
  position: relative;
  float: left;
  margin: 0 2em;
}

.planet,
.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  animation-name: myrotate;
  animation-duration: 10s;
}

.wrapper,
.planet,
.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  animation-timing-function: linear;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

.planet:before,
.planet:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}

.planet:before {
  box-shadow: inset 50px 100px 50px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), 0 0 50px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .25);
  background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient( top, circle cover, #ffffff 0%, #000000 80%);
  opacity: .5;
}

.planet:after {
  opacity: .3;
  background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient( bottom, circle, #ffffff 0%, #000000 -200%);
  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 100px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
}

@keyframes myrotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotatez(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotatez(-360deg);
  }
}

.bg {
  background: wheat;
}

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="planet bg"></div>
</div>

哪个没关系,直到你尝试在x轴或y轴上实际旋转它们,就像我的第一个例子中的多维数据集一样...这就是接下来发生的事情:(简化示例)

.sphere {
  background: black;
  width: 300px;
  height: 300px;
  border-radius: 100vw;
  animation: myrotate 10s linear infinite
}

@keyframes myrotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 360deg);
  }
}

<div class="sphere"></div>

你得到的只是一个平坦的2d物体 - 考虑到元素是什么而被驱逐出去

---

我发现最接近的是Timo Korinth教程中创建的以下形状

@-webkit-keyframes animateWorld {
  0% {
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) rotateX(0deg) rotateZ(0deg);
  }
  50% {
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg) rotateX(180deg) rotateZ(180deg);
  }
  100% {
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(720deg) rotateX(360deg) rotateZ(360deg);
  }
}

html {
  background: #FFFFFF;
}

. world {
  -webkit-perspective: 1000px;
}

.cube {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  position: relative;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
  -webkit-animation-name: animateWorld;
  -webkit-animation-duration: 10s;
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  -webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
}

.circle {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 2px dashed #009BC2;
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: 0.8;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);
}

.zero {
  -webkit-transform: rotateX(90deg);
}

.two {
  -webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);
}

.three {
  -webkit-transform: rotateY(90deg);
}

.four {
  -webkit-transform: rotateY(135deg);
}

.five {
  width: 173px;
  height: 173px;
  margin: 14px;
  -webkit-transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.six {
  width: 173px;
  height: 173px;
  margin: 14px;
  -webkit-transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(-50px);
}

<div class="world">
  <div class="cube">
    <div class="circle zero"></div>
    <div class="circle one"></div>
    <div class="circle two"></div>
    <div class="circle three"></div>
    <div class="circle four"></div>
    <div class="circle five"></div>
    <div class="circle six"></div>
  </div>
</div>

---

所以这是我的

题:

如何使用纯CSS创建实际的3维球体？更具体地说,一个被覆盖的 - 不仅仅是一个框架 - 并且不涉及数百个html元素.

---

笔记:

1. 三维球体具有高度,宽度和深度 - 就像我的第一个示例片段中的立方体一样
2. 我不需要任何物理,也不需要任何用户交互.只是一个动画旋转球体.

---

其他资源:

1. paulrhayes.com - 球体
2. 3d(2d幻觉)地球与旋转动画与CSS
3. 交互式CSS领域

Answer 1

严格地说,平面屏幕上的任何 "3D"形状更像是3D物体的错觉.我们只看到屏幕平面上的那个形状的2D 投影,我们的大脑尽力猜测哪个形状可以给我们看到的投影.如果投影发生变化,我们的大脑会将其解释为更改其方向的3D对象,这有助于更好地确定此对象的形状.

它适用于非对称物体和由多边形(例如立方体)制成的物体,但球体是一个非常特殊的情况:它在平面上的投影总是只给出一个圆.静态球体和旋转球体具有相同的投影,相同的圆形.即使在现实生活中,如果我们观察具有均匀表面的球体而没有任何标记(例如,抛光的金属球),则很难确定它是静止还是旋转.我们的眼睛需要一些提示,一些细节根据其几何形状沿球体表面移动.这些细节越多,您对球面上的点的移动方式就会越大,旋转球体的感知(好,幻觉)就越清晰.

这就是制作一个可以产生这种感知的CSS场景问题的关键:要使这种幻觉足够强大,我们需要沿着不同平面的路径移动许多标记.在CSS中获得此功能的唯一方法是将每个标记作为单独的CSS框(元素或伪元素).如果我们的球体只包含移动标记,我们真的需要它们中的许多才能将其视为一个球体 - 因此在您看到的大多数演示中都有"数百个元素".

因此,如果你想使用相当少量的元素使球体看起来很逼真,你可能需要结合产生静态基本球形(具有径向渐变的圆,内阴影等)的"幻觉"的效果.一些相对较小的元素(使它们不那么明显它们实际上是平的),沿着球体表面进行3D变换和动画 - 基本上与第一个演示中的立方体面相同.

以下是我自己尝试将这种方法付诸实践的尝试.我使用了20个圆形元素,大致定位为常规二十面体的面(如经典足球上的白色六边形).为了方便起见,我将它们分成两组,每组都制作一个半球(没有必要,但它使造型更简单).整个3D场景由球体本身和背景框架(伪元素)组成,背景框架靠近其中心的球体(更近一点,以减少圆圈从近侧到远侧和后侧的"闪烁" )并始终面向屏幕.总共24个元素(不是字面上"数百",至少:).为了使圆圈看起来更"膨胀"(如球形部分),我为每个圆圈添加了两个伪元素,并将它们略微提升到另一个之上.在Chrome和Firefox 57+中效果最佳(在Firefox 56和iOS Safari中,边缘附近仍有一些"闪烁").如果您将圆圈悬停,则可以看到没有背景框的场景(也没有"闪烁").Codepen上也提供了略微修改的版本.

.scene {
  perspective: 400vmin;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  position: absolute;
  width: 80vmin;
  height: 80vmin;
  top: 10vmin;
  left: 10vmin;
}

.sphere {
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  position: absolute;
  animation: rotate 20s infinite linear;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
}

.scene::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  top: 0%;
  left: 0%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle farthest-corner at 33% 33%, rgba(240, 240, 220, 0.85) 0%, rgba(30, 30, 40, 0.85) 80%), radial-gradient(circle farthest-corner at 45% 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%, #000000 80%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translateZ(2vmin);
}

.scene:hover::before {
  display: none;
}

.hemisphere {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
  transform: rotateX(90deg);
}

.hemisphere:nth-child(2) {
  transform: rotateX(-90deg);
}

.face {
  position: absolute;
  width: 40vmin;
  height: 40vmin;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 48%, #ff0000 49%, #ff0000 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 51%);
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform-origin: 50% 0;
  top: 50%;
  left: 20vmin;
}

.face::before, .face::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.face::before {
  width: 50%;
  height: 50%;
  top: 25%;
  left: 25%;
  border: 2px solid #333;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  transform: translateZ(1.6vmin);
}

.face::after {
  width: 20%;
  height: 20%;
  top: 40%;
  left: 40%;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  transform: translateZ(2.8vmin);
}

.face:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateZ(-41.6vmin) rotateZ(36deg) translateY(-6.8vmin) rotateX(143deg);
}

.face:nth-child(2) {
  transform: translateZ(-41.6vmin) rotateZ(108deg) translateY(-6.8vmin) rotateX(143deg);
}

.face:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateZ(-41.6vmin) rotateZ(180deg) translateY(-6.8vmin) rotateX(143deg);
}

.face:nth-child(4) {
  transform: translateZ(-41.6vmin) rotateZ(252deg) translateY(-6.8vmin) rotateX(143deg);
}

.face:nth-child(5) {
  transform: translateZ(-41.6vmin) rotateZ(-36deg) translateY(-6.8vmin) rotateX(143deg);
}

.face:nth-child(6) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(36deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

.face:nth-child(7) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(108deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

.face:nth-child(8) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(180deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

.face:nth-child(9) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(252deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

.face:nth-child(10) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(-36deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

.face:nth-child(11) {
  transform: translateZ(-26.8vmin) rotateZ(36deg) translateY(-33.2vmin) rotateX(100deg);
}

@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
transform: rotateZ(25deg) rotateX(20deg) rotateY(0deg);
  }
  50% {
transform: rotateZ(-25deg) rotateX(-20deg) rotateY(180deg);
  }
  100% {
transform: rotateZ(25deg) rotateX(20deg) rotateY(360deg);
  }
}

body {
  background: #555;
  overflow: hidden;
}

<div class="scene">
  <div class="sphere">
    <div class="hemisphere">
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="hemisphere">
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
      <div class="face"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Answer 2

如何使用纯CSS创建实际的3维球体？

好吧,正如许多人在答案和评论中所说的那样,仅仅在这个时间点在浏览器中使用html和css创建单个3D实体是不可能的,但是可以创建3D对象的错觉.以下是我解决问题的方法.

为了使人眼能够看到球形物体,眼睛需要参考点.在我的例子中,它是定义球体形状的线条.通过为X轴组中的5个元素和Y轴组中的5个元素提供边框来实现这些线.只有X/Y集合被赋予一个边界,因为只有它提供了足够的参考来制作一个球体的幻觉.Z轴上的附加线条简单杂乱且不必要.如果关闭所有线条,整个事物看起来就像一个坚固的"完美"球体(看起来像一个圆圈,但它的所有部分都在移动,并且在浏览器的3D平面上出现!).

我做了什么:

1. 创建了15个html元素,每个元素代表一个3个5组的圆圈

   所有这些集合的原因在于,当整个装置在x,y,z轴上旋转时,x,y,z组中的每个元素的背景填充彼此的空白空间.

2. 每组5个元件分别在X,Y,Z轴上以36度的增量旋转.
3. 所有元素都使用圆角 border-radius:50%;
4. 将圆形元素的背景设置为纯色
5. 将这些组合在一起,使它们重叠
   
6. 剪裁的小间隙是由于没有足够的元素覆盖clip-path: circle(96px at center);容器上的x,y,z圆圈之间的空白空间而产生的,并且产生了阴凉/光线效果以密封交易
   VS

   更多的圈子将导致一个不那么"前卫"的球体,但由于在问题中强调表现,所以整个事情的快速剪辑似乎是要做的事情

作为一个结束的想法,我想表达我对被问到的问题的欣赏,它真的让我思考并且是一个伟大的项目,导致我学习很多关于html/css的3D功能的东西.

还要感谢所有花时间撬开这个开放的人,并提出了解决问题的绝佳方法.

我希望我的研究成果有用.干杯!

这支钢笔也是以蒂莫·科林斯的例子为基础的.

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}


/* Rotate Sphere animation */

@-webkit-keyframes animateSphere {
  0% {
    transform: rotateY(0deg) rotateX(0deg) rotateZ(0deg);
  }
  50% {
    transform: rotateY(360deg) rotateX(360deg) rotateZ(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotateY(720deg) rotateX(720deg) rotateZ(0deg);
  }
}

html {
  background: black;
}

.scene {
  perspective: 1000px;
}

.container {
  margin-top: 5vh;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  position: relative;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation-name: animateSphere;
  animation-duration: 30s;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  animation-timing-function: linear;
}

.border {
  border: 1px solid white;
}

.circle {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(204, 0, 102, 1);
}

.circle:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 0deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(2) {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 36deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 72deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(4) {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 108deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(5) {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 144deg);
}


/* 18! difference to align*/

.circle:nth-child(6) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 0deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(7) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 36deg);
}


/* Upper and Lower circle */

.circle:nth-child(8) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 72deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(9) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 108deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(10) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 144deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(11) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg) rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 0deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(12) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg) rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 36deg);
}


/* Upper and Lower circle */

.circle:nth-child(13) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg) rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 72deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(14) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg) rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 108deg);
}

.circle:nth-child(15) {
  transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 90deg) rotate3d(1, 0, 0, 144deg);
}

.shadow {
  margin: auto;
  border-radius: 50%;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  box-shadow: 10px 1px 30px white;
}


/* Clip the sphere a bit*/

.clip {
  clip-path: circle(96px at center);
}

<div class="scene">
  <div class="shadow">
    <div class="clip">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle border"></div>
        <div class="circle"></div>
        <div class="circle"></div>
        <div class="circle"></div>
        <div class="circle"></div>
        <div class="circle"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Answer 3

如上所述,CSS3无法为您提供真正的3D形状,只是带有幻觉.使用最小HTML元素并使用图像作为纹理的良好球体错觉可以通过组合使用已完成的内容并使用CSS阴影进行全部屏蔽来完成.

可以使掩模更逼真的漂亮触摸是使用:after伪元素在移位位置和更小尺寸中创建额外的火花.成功效果的关键是要记住不同的材料以不同的方式反射光线.意思是如果你想要创造一个金属球体,那么由它创造的光线box-shadow将不同于塑料球体的光照.

另一个很好的补充是使用:before伪元素来创建反射效果.在具有一些不透明度的球体上添加世界的预制图像可以产生非常有说服力的效果.另请注意,您尝试创建的材质将决定您想要反射的不透明度.

请注意,我使用八角形棱镜使场景后面的图像在3d trasform应用其透视时看起来更圆.即使仅使用8个元素,结果也是非常逼真的.使用更多的多边形和更复杂的形状和纹理映射可以实现更逼真的结果,但即使这样也不需要太多的元素,因为阴影和火花都在一切之上.

最后,为了隐藏八角形棱镜的其余部分并仅显示我正在使用的球体边界内的部分clip-path: circle(99px at center);.

body {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #000; 
}
.cube-wrapper {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  top: 100px;
  left: 100px;
  position: absolute;
  perspective-origin: 0 0;
  perspective: 80px;
}
.cube-2 {
  transform: translateZ(-100px) scaleX(1.8);
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
}
.cube {
  top: -100px;
  position: relative;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation-name: rotate;
  animation-duration: 10s;
  animation-timing-function: linear;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotate3d(0 0, 0, 360deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate3d(0, 1, 0, 360deg);
    ;
  }
}

.face {
  position: absolute;
  background-size: 662.4px 200px;
  width: 84px;
  height: 200px;
}

#face1 {
  transform: translateX(-41.4px) translateZ(100px);
  background-position: 0 0;
}
#face2 {
  transform: translateX(29.2px) translateZ(70.8px) rotateY(45deg);
  background-position: -82.8px 0;
}
#face3 {
  transform: translateX(58.5px) rotateY(90deg);
  background-position: -165.6px 0;
}
#face4 {
  transform: translateX(29.2px) translateZ(-70.8px) rotateY(135deg);
  background-position: -248.4px 0;
}
#face5 {
  transform: translateX(-41.4px) translateZ(-100px) rotateY(180deg);
  background-position: -331.2px 0;
}
#face6 {
  transform: translateX(-111.4px) translateZ(-70.8px) rotateY(225deg);
  background-position: -414px 0;
}
#face7 {
  transform: translateX(-141.4px) rotateY(270deg);
  background-position: -496.8px 0;
}
#face8 {
  transform: translateX(-111.4px) translateZ(70px) rotateY(315deg);
  background-position: -579.6px 0;
}

.circle {
  position: absolute;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.clip-circle {
  position: absolute;
  padding: 0;
  top: -16px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  clip-path: circle(99px at center);
}
.lighting:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50px;
    left: 67px;
}
.reflection:before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    height: 200px;
    width: 200px;
    background-image:url(https://i.stack.imgur.com/ayCw7.png);
    background-size: 200px 200px;
}

.earth {
  position: absolute;
  left: 20px;
}
.earth .face{
  background-image:url(https://i.stack.imgur.com/fdtNz.jpg);
}
.earth .clip-circle {
  transform: rotateX(7deg) rotateZ(15deg);
}
.earth .lighting {
  box-shadow: -20px -30px 55px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9) inset, -75px -100px 150px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) inset, 75px 100px 200px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) inset, -1px -2px 10px 2px rgba(200, 190, 255, 0.2);
}
.earth .lighting:after {
    box-shadow: 0 0 150px 51px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), 0 0 26px 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.wood {
  position: absolute;
  left: 240px;
}
.wood .face{
  background-image:url(https://i.stack.imgur.com/sa5P8.jpg);
}
.wood .cube-wrapper {
  transform: rotateZ(45deg);
}
.wood .lighting {
  box-shadow: -20px -30px 90px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) inset, -75px -100px 140px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) inset;
}
.wood .lighting:after {
    box-shadow: 0 0 42px 15px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}
.wood .reflection:before {
    opacity: 0.04;
}

.metal {
  position: absolute;
  left: 460px;
}
.metal .face{
  background-image:url(https://i.stack.imgur.com/PGmVN.jpg);
}
.metal .cube-wrapper {
  transform: rotateZ(-32deg);
}
.metal .lighting {
  box-shadow: -20px -30px 100px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9) inset, -75px -100px 107px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) inset, 75px 100px 127px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.23) inset;
}
.metal .lighting:after {
    box-shadow: 0 0 42px 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7), 0 0 7px 6px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}
.metal .reflection:before {
    opacity: 0.2;
}

<body>
  <div style="position:absolute;top:20px;">
    <div class="earth">
      <dir class="clip-circle">
        <div class="cube-wrapper">
          <div class="cube-2">
            <div class="cube">
              <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </dir>
      <div class="circle lighting"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="wood">
      <dir class="clip-circle">
        <div class="cube-wrapper">
          <div class="cube-2">
            <div class="cube">
              <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </dir>
      <div class="circle reflection lighting"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="metal">
      <dir class="clip-circle">
        <div class="cube-wrapper">
          <div class="cube-2">
            <div class="cube">
              <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </dir>
      <div class="circle reflection lighting"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div style="position:absolute;top:240px">
    <div class="earth">
      <div class="cube-wrapper">
        <div class="cube-2">
          <div class="cube">
            <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
            <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="wood">
        <div class="cube-wrapper">
          <div class="cube-2">
            <div class="cube">
              <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="metal">
        <div class="cube-wrapper">
          <div class="cube-2">
            <div class="cube">
              <div id="face1" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face2" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face3" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face4" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face5" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face6" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face7" class="face"></div>
              <div id="face8" class="face"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div style="position:absolute;top:460px;">
    <div class="earth">
      <div class="circle lighting"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="wood">
      <div class="circle reflection lighting"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="metal">
      <div class="circle reflection lighting"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>

Answer 4

制作一个逼真的3d css球体,没有一定程度的2D幻觉,需要很多元素才能拥有光滑的周长.

但是,我制作了Timo Korinth的一个例子:

• 剪切"背面"网格线
• 通过移动径向渐变来近似球形着色

只要重新计算着色动画,就可以任意旋转.

这个页面有一些数学背后用CSS实现球形着色可用于此.

编辑:其他答案看起来更好,所以将其转换为死星

.ball {
  position: absolute;
  top:0px;
  left:0px;
  width: 98vmin;
  height: 98vmin;
  margin: 1vmin;  
  transform-style: preserve-3d;  
  transform: rotateX(-5deg);
}

@keyframes rot{
  0% { transform: rotateY(0deg) rotateX(0deg) rotateZ(0deg); }
  100% { transform: rotateY(360deg) rotateX(0deg) rotateZ(0deg); }
}

.layer {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0px;
  left: 0px;
  width: 98vmin;
  height: 98vmin;
}

.moving
{
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform-origin: 49vmin 49vmin;
  animation: rot 10s linear infinite;
}

.gridplane {
  width: 97vmin;
  height: 97vmin;       
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 0.5vmin dashed rgb(128, 128, 128);
}

.xline { transform: translateY(1%) rotateX(90deg); }
.xline2 { transform: translateY(-1%) rotateX(90deg); }
.yline { transform: rotateY(90deg); }
.zline { transform: rotateZ(90deg); }

.laser { 
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transform:  translateX(-27.7128%) translateY(-27.7128%) rotateY(90deg) translateX(-27.7128%) rotateY(-135deg) rotateX(45deg) scale(0.3) translateY(-25%);
}

.laser2 { 
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transform:  translateX(-27.0128%) translateY(-27.0128%) rotateY(90deg) translateX(-27.0128%) rotateY(-135deg) rotateX(45deg) scale(0.2) translateY(-35%);
}

.clip
{
  border-radius: 50%;  
  overflow:hidden;
  transform: translateZ(-0vmin);
}

@keyframes highlightanim {     
  0.00% {left: -150.00%; top: -178.00% }
  12.50% {left: -117.67%; top: -179.64% }
  25.00% {left: -97.69%; top: -195.87% }
  28.75% {left: -95.00%; top: -207.09% }
  32.50% {left: -97.69%; top: -220.70% }
  40.00% {left: -117.67%; top: -240.01% }
  47.50% {left: -150.00%; top: -247.50% }
  55.00% {left: -182.33%; top: -240.01% }
  62.50% {left: -202.31%; top: -220.70% }
  68.75% {left: -205.00%; top: -207.09% }
  75.00% {left: -202.31%; top: -195.87% }
  87.50% {left: -182.33%; top: -179.64% }
  100.00% {left: -150.00%; top: -178.00% }
}     
    
.shade
{
  position: relative;
  top: -150%;
  left: -150%;
  width: 400%;
  height: 400%;
  background: radial-gradient(at 50% 50%, white, black, grey, black, black);
  animation: highlightanim 10s linear infinite;
}

<div class='ball'>
  <div class='layer moving'>
    <div class='layer gridplane xline'></div>
    <div class='layer gridplane xline2'></div>
    <div class='layer gridplane yline'></div>   
    <div class='layer gridplane zline'></div>  
    <div class='layer gridplane laser'></div>  
    <div class='layer gridplane laser2'></div>  
  </div> 
  <div class='layer clip'>
    <div class='shade'> 
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Answer 5

不,根据您的标准,这是不可能的.仅使用HTML和CSS的3D内容的所有示例都存在性能问题,因为这不是它的目的.

当谈到沉重的图形效果时,HTML和CSS真的很糟糕.

制作真正3D球体的最佳方法是使用WebGL,这是一种用于创建3D内容的JavaScript API.

Answer 6

看看这个 - 听起来像你需要的,你可以根据自己的喜好编辑代码片段. https://codepen.io/Mamboleoo/post/sphere-css

HTML

.mommy
.daddy
  - for (var x = 1; x < 300; x++)
    span

CSS

@import "compass";

body{
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background:black;
}

.mommy{
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  position: relative;
  perspective: 800px;
}
.daddy{
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation : rotate 25s infinite linear;
}
span{
  display: inline-block;
  position: absolute;
  top:50%;
  left:50%;
  perspective: 800px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  &:before{
    content:"";
    width: 4px;
    height: 4px;
    display: inline-block;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(50% - 2px);
    left: calc(50% - 2px);
    background: currentColor;
    color: inherit;
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: invertRotate 25s infinite linear, scale 2s infinite linear;
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px currentColor;
  }
}

$amount : 300;
@for $i from 1 through $amount {

  $theta : ($i / $amount)*120;
  $phi : ($i / $amount) * pi();
  $x : 250 * sin($phi) * cos($theta);
  $y : 250 * sin($phi) * sin($theta);
  $z : 250 * cos($phi);
  .mommy span:nth-child(#{$i}){
    transform: translate3d($x+px, $y+px, $z+px);
    color: hsl(($i/$amount)*360,100%,50%);
    &:before{
      animation-delay: 0s, -($i/$amount)*2+s;
    }
  }  
}

@keyframes rotate{
  to{transform:rotateY(360deg);}
}
@keyframes invertRotate{
  to{transform:rotateY(-360deg);}
}
@keyframes scale{
  0%, 45%,55%{ box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0px  currentColor;}
  50%{ box-shadow: 0 0 10px 5px currentColor;}
}

Answer 7

这是一个动画球体/气泡的例子，尽管这个例子更像是一种错觉。我不知道你所要求的一切是否只能通过纯 css 实现，但我可能错了。

.ball {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 100%;
  position: relative;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at bottom, #81e8f6, #76deef 10%, #055194 80%, #062745 100%); }
  .ball:before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 1%;
    left: 5%;
    width: 90%;
    height: 90%;
    border-radius: 100%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at top, white, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 58%);
    -webkit-filter: blur(5px);
    filter: blur(5px);
    z-index: 2; }
  .ball:after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    display: none;
    top: 5%;
    left: 10%;
    width: 80%;
    height: 80%;
    border-radius: 100%;
    -webkit-filter: blur(1px);
    filter: blur(1px);
    z-index: 2;
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-30deg);
    transform: rotateZ(-30deg); }
  .ball .shadow {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 50%);
    -webkit-transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(-160px);
    transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(-160px);
    z-index: 1; }
  .ball.plain {
    background: black; }
    .ball.plain:before, .ball.plain:after {
      display: none; }
  .ball.bubble {
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 55%, rgba(240, 245, 255, 0.9), rgba(240, 245, 255, 0.9) 40%, rgba(225, 238, 255, 0.8) 60%, rgba(43, 130, 255, 0.4));
    -webkit-animation: bubble-anim 2s ease-out infinite;
    animation: bubble-anim 2s ease-out infinite; }
    .ball.bubble:before {
      -webkit-filter: blur(0);
      filter: blur(0);
      height: 80%;
      width: 40%;
      background: radial-gradient(circle at 130% 130%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 46%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) 58%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 60%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);
      -webkit-transform: translateX(131%) translateY(58%) rotateZ(168deg) rotateX(10deg);
      transform: translateX(131%) translateY(58%) rotateZ(168deg) rotateX(10deg); }
    .ball.bubble:after {
      display: block;
      background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 80%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 74%, white 80%, white 84%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%); }

.stage {
  width: 300px;
  height: 300px;
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 20px;
  -webkit-perspective: 1200px;
  -moz-perspective: 1200px;
  -ms-perspective: 1200px;
  -o-perspective: 1200px;
  perspective: 1200px;
  -webkit-perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
  -moz-perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
  -ms-perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
  -o-perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
  perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
}
body {
  width: 300px;
  margin: 20px auto;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5) 40%, #ffffff 100%);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

@-webkit-keyframes bubble-anim {
  0% {
    -webkit-transform: scale(1);
    transform: scale(1); }

  20% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(0.95) scaleX(1.05);
    transform: scaleY(0.95) scaleX(1.05); }

  48% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(1.1) scaleX(0.9);
    transform: scaleY(1.1) scaleX(0.9); }

  68% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(0.98) scaleX(1.02);
    transform: scaleY(0.98) scaleX(1.02); }

  80% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(1.02) scaleX(0.98);
    transform: scaleY(1.02) scaleX(0.98); }

  97%, 100% {
    -webkit-transform: scale(1);
    transform: scale(1); } }

@keyframes bubble-anim {
  0% {
    -webkit-transform: scale(1);
    transform: scale(1); }

  20% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(0.95) scaleX(1.05);
    transform: scaleY(0.95) scaleX(1.05); }

  48% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(1.1) scaleX(0.9);
    transform: scaleY(1.1) scaleX(0.9); }

  68% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(0.98) scaleX(1.02);
    transform: scaleY(0.98) scaleX(1.02); }

  80% {
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(1.02) scaleX(0.98);
    transform: scaleY(1.02) scaleX(0.98); }

  97%, 100% {
    -webkit-transform: scale(1);
    transform: scale(1); } }


  

<section class="stage">
      <figure class="ball bubble"></figure>
</section>