sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError:(sqlite3.OperationalError)没有这样的表

Question

我很新闻,并试图自己建立一个博客,我遇到了SQLite操作错误的问题.我已经在Github和Stackoverflow上研究了类似的问题,但是在我发现的问题中没有出现典型的拼写错误或错误.如果有人能帮助我,那将是非常感激和非常好的,因为这个问题就像杀了我一样已经花了我两天,我觉得非常糟糕.

在代码中我已经定义了表名为"users_table"并在开头运行"db.create_all()"来创建表,但是每次提交时都会出现"没有这样的表user_table"的错误更新用户信息.

这是我测试SQLite操作的方法:

(under /project) python3 manage.py shell
>>> u = User(email='foo@bar.com', username='foobar', password='player')
>>> db.create_all()
>>> db.session.add(u)
>>> db.session.commit()  # with following error message
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\...\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py", line 1182, in _execute_context
  context)
  File "C:\...\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py", line 470, in do_execute
  cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such table: users_table
...
...
  sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (sqlite3.OperationalError) no such table: users_table

我已将代码最小化为以下四个部分,这可能会重现错误消息:

/project/app/__init__.py:

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import config

db = SQLAlchemy()

def create_app(config_name):
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
    config[config_name].init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    return app

/project/app/models.py:

import os
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
from flask import Flask

basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app)


class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users_table'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % self.username

    @property
    def password(self):
        raise AttributeError('Password is not a readable attribute')

    @password.setter
    def password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

项目/ config.py:

import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(\__file__))

class Config:
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'fhuaioe7832of67^&*T#oy93'
    SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True

    @staticmethod
    def init_app(app):
        pass

class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
    DEBUG = True
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')

config = {
    'development': DevelopmentConfig,
    'default': DevelopmentConfig,
}

项目/ manage.py:

import os
from app import create_app, db
from app.models import User
from flask_script import Manager, Shell

app = create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or 'default')
manager = Manager(app)

def make_shell_context():
    return dict(app=app, db=db, User=User)

manager.add_command("shell", Shell(make_context=make_shell_context))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

Answer 1

非常简单的解决方案：在 app.py 或 main.py 中，您只需添加以下代码行即可解决此问题：

@app.before_first_request
def create_tables():
    db.create_all()

Answer 2

我刚刚完成设置Flask应用程序并处理了这类问题.

我强烈怀疑这里的问题是db你正在创建的实例__init__.py是不知道models.py包括User类的内容.该db在对象__init__.py是从一个完全独立的对象db,你正在创建models.py.因此,当您运行db.create_all()时__init__.py,它正在检查它知道的表的列表,并且没有找到任何表.我遇到了这个问题.

我发现的是模型(例如User)注册db了模型类定义中列出的特定对象(例如class User(db.Model):).

所以基本上我的理解是,修复此问题的方法是使用用于定义模型db.create_all()的相同实例来运行db.换句话说,db.create_all()从内部运行models.py.

这是我的代码,所以你可以看到我如何设置它:

app.py:

#!flask/bin/python
import os

from flask import Flask


class CustomFlask(Flask):
    jinja_options = Flask.jinja_options.copy()
    jinja_options.update(dict(
        variable_start_string='%%',  # Default is '{{', I'm changing this because Vue.js uses '{{' / '}}'
        variable_end_string='%%',
    ))
app = CustomFlask(__name__)

app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'

import yaml
if os.environ['SERVER_ENVIRONMENT'] == 'PRODUCTION':
    config_filename = "production.yaml"
elif os.environ['SERVER_ENVIRONMENT'] == 'LOCAL':
    config_filename = "local.yaml"
else:
    config_filename = "local.yaml"

base_directory = path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

with open(base_directory + "/config/" + config_filename) as config_file:
    config = yaml.load(config_file)

db_config = config['database']
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+mysqlconnector://{username}:{password}@{hostname}/{databasename}".format(
    username=db_config['username'],
    password=db_config['password'],
    hostname=db_config['hostname'],
    databasename=db_config['databasename'],
)
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_POOL_RECYCLE"] = 299

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
db.app = app


def clear_the_template_cache():
    app.jinja_env.cache = {}

app.before_request(clear_the_template_cache)

from flask_login import LoginManager
login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)


@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(email):
    from models import User
    return User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from routes import web_routes
    app.register_blueprint(web_routes)

    from api import api
    app.register_blueprint(api)

    # To get PyCharm's debugger to work, you need to have "debug=False, threaded=True"
    #app.run(debug=False, threaded=True)
    app.run(debug=True)

models.py:

from app import db

import datetime
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, \
     check_password_hash


class Song(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80))
    datetime_created = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    lines = db.relationship('Line', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('song', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')
    is_deleted = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)


class Line(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    song_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('song.id'))
    spans_of_time = db.relationship('SpanOfTime', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('line', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')


class SpanOfTime(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    line_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('line.id'))
    starting_64th = db.Column(db.Integer)  # I'm assuming the highest-granularity desired will be a 1/64th note-length.
    length = db.Column(db.Integer)  # I guess this'll be in 1/64th notes, so a 1/16th note will be '4'.
    content = db.Column(db.String(80))


class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True, unique=True)
    display_name = db.Column(db.String(80), default="A Rhymecraft User")
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(200))
    datetime_subscription_valid_until = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
    datetime_joined = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
    songs = db.relationship('Song', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('user', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')

    def __init__(self, email, password):
        self.email = email
        self.set_password(password)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % self.email

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

    def check_password(self, password):
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

    def is_authenticated(self):
        return True

    def is_active(self):
        return True

    def is_anonymous(self):
        return False

    def get_id(self):
        return str(self.email)


def init_db():
    db.create_all()

    # Create a test user
    new_user = User('a@a.com', 'aaaaaaaa')
    new_user.display_name = 'Nathan'
    db.session.add(new_user)
    db.session.commit()

    new_user.datetime_subscription_valid_until = datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1)
    db.session.commit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    init_db()

Answer 3

在完成 YT 教程后，我遇到了同样的问题。我通过在我的末尾添加此代码解决了这个问题__init__.py

from .models import User, Post

with app.app_context():
    db.create_all()

旁注：大多数教程不使用with app.app_context():. 我认为 Flask 进行了更新，这就是需要它的原因。这导致我的代码出现错误，也许它可以帮助阅读此内容的人。

我想提一下，这是“第 6 部分 - 用户身份验证”之后“corey schafer”的 Flask 教程，当我运行一些测试时出现错误。以防万一其他人正在做完全相同的教程，因此更容易认为我的答案有帮助。我不是为了做广告而提及创作者的。我希望这没问题。