如何对元组列表进行分解？

Question

definition
factorize:将每个唯一对象映射到一个唯一的整数.通常,映射到的整数范围是从零到n - 1,其中n是唯一对象的数量.两种变化也是典型的.类型1是编号以识别唯一对象的顺序发生的位置.类型2是首先对唯一对象进行排序的位置,然后应用与类型1中相同的过程.

安装程序
考虑元组列表tups

tups = [(1, 2), ('a', 'b'), (3, 4), ('c', 5), (6, 'd'), ('a', 'b'), (3, 4)]

我想将其分解为

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2]

我知道有很多方法可以做到这一点.但是,我希望尽可能高效地完成这项工作.

---

我试过的

pandas.factorize 并得到一个错误......

pd.factorize(tups)[0]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-84-c84947ac948c> in <module>()
----> 1 pd.factorize(tups)[0]

//anaconda/envs/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pandas/core/algorithms.py in factorize(values, sort, order, na_sentinel, size_hint)
    553     uniques = vec_klass()
    554     check_nulls = not is_integer_dtype(original)
--> 555     labels = table.get_labels(values, uniques, 0, na_sentinel, check_nulls)
    556 
    557     labels = _ensure_platform_int(labels)

pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_labels (pandas/_libs/hashtable.c:21804)()

ValueError: Buffer has wrong number of dimensions (expected 1, got 2)

---

或者numpy.unique得到错误的结果......

np.unique(tups, return_inverse=1)[1]

array([0, 1, 6, 7, 2, 3, 8, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 2, 3])

---

我可以在元组的哈希上使用其中任何一个

pd.factorize([hash(t) for t in tups])[0]

array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2])

---

好极了!这就是我想要的......那么问题是什么？

第一个问题
看看这种技术的性能下降

lst = [10, 7, 4, 33, 1005, 7, 4]

%timeit pd.factorize(lst * 1000)[0]
1000 loops, best of 3: 506 µs per loop

%timeit pd.factorize([hash(i) for i in lst * 1000])[0]
1000 loops, best of 3: 937 µs per loop

第二个问题
Hashing不保证是唯一的!

---

问题
什么是分解元组列表的超快速方法？

---

两个轴的定时
都在对数空间中

code

from itertools import count

def champ(tups):
    d = {}
    c = count()
    return np.array(
        [d[tup] if tup in d else d.setdefault(tup, next(c)) for tup in tups]
    )

def root(tups):
    return pd.Series(tups).factorize()[0]

def iobe(tups):
    return np.unique(tups, return_inverse=True, axis=0)[1]

def get_row_view(a):
    void_dt = np.dtype((np.void, a.dtype.itemsize * np.prod(a.shape[1:])))
    a = np.ascontiguousarray(a)
    return a.reshape(a.shape[0], -1).view(void_dt).ravel()

def diva(tups):
    return np.unique(get_row_view(np.array(tups)), return_inverse=1)[1]

def gdib(tups):
    return pd.factorize([str(t) for t in tups])[0]

from string import ascii_letters

def tups_creator_1(size, len_of_str=3, num_ints_to_choose_from=1000, seed=None):
    c = len_of_str
    n = num_ints_to_choose_from
    np.random.seed(seed)
    d = pd.DataFrame(np.random.choice(list(ascii_letters), (size, c))).sum(1).tolist()
    i = np.random.randint(n, size=size)
    return list(zip(d, i))

results = pd.DataFrame(
    index=pd.Index([100, 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000], name='Size'),
    columns=pd.Index('champ root iobe diva gdib'.split(), name='Method')
)

for i in results.index:
    tups = tups_creator_1(i, max(1, int(np.log10(i))), max(10, i // 10))
    for j in results.columns:
        stmt = '{}(tups)'.format(j)
        setup = 'from __main__ import {}, tups'.format(j)
        results.set_value(i, j, timeit(stmt, setup, number=100) / 100)

results.plot(title='Avg Seconds', logx=True, logy=True)

Answer 1

一个简单的方法是使用a dict来保持以前的访问:

>>> d = {}
>>> [d.setdefault(tup, i) for i, tup in enumerate(tups)]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2]

如果您需要保持数字顺序,那么稍微改变:

>>> from itertools import count
>>> c = count()
>>> [d[tup] if tup in d else d.setdefault(tup, next(c)) for tup in tups]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5]

或者写成:

>>> [d.get(tup) or d.setdefault(tup, next(c)) for tup in tups]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5]

Answer 2

将元组列表初始化为系列,然后调用factorize:

pd.Series(tups).factorize()[0]

[0 1 2 3 4 1 2]