KDX*_*KDX 5 php mysql apache performance nginx
问题：
我在高峰使用时间遇到性能瓶颈，而系统资源仍然可用。
在使用高峰时段，我遇到了广告投放服务器响应缓慢的情况，持续了 2 个小时。
背景：
我正在开发一台运行Revive Adserver PHP+MySQL 应用程序的专用服务器，每天在具有以下规格的专用服务器上提供 900 万次展示：
CPU: AMD 2.3Ghz 8-cores
RAM: 32GB
SSD: 250GB x 2, RAID-1
下图是高峰使用时段的数字：
load average: 1.18, 0.83, 0.65
load average: 1.00, 0.81, 0.64
load average: 1.23, 0.86, 0.66
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 31820 15843 15977 79 147 13424
-/+ buffers/cache: 2271 29549
Swap: 2047 405 1642
netstat -an | grep :80 | wc -l给我：
11232
iotop给我提供了低于 10M/s 的性能，而大部分统计数据都用于具有mysql写入活动的进程
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 6.63 M/s
我在高峰使用时间进行了磁盘性能测试168MB/s，这意味着我的 SSD 性能仍然有很大的空间：
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=64k count=16k conv=fdatasync; unlink test
16384+0 records in
16384+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 6.38736 s, 168 MB/s
服务器使用Nginx作为反向代理来提供静态内容：
nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.9.4
服务器使用Apache进行 FastCGI PHP 处理程序：
httpd -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix)
:
:
Architecture: 64-bit
Server MPM: Prefork
threaded: no
forked: yes (variable process count)
php -v
PHP 5.4.45 (cli) (built: Sep 9 2015 14:53:48)
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
with the ionCube PHP Loader v4.6.0, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by ionCube Ltd.
MRTG 图表在高峰使用时段为我提供了稳定的结果（在 100 Mbit/s 连接上）：
44 Mbit/s outgoing throughput
3.5 Mbit/s incoming throughput
据我所知，服务器工作负载似乎低于容量。
我观察到和怀疑的：
netstat -an | grep :80 | wc -l结果11232很高，我需要对此做点什么。
MySQL 需要进行微调，因为广告服务不断对数据库进行读/写活动。
瓶颈是否可能是给定时间运行的进程数量php或设置的任何其他限制或上限？
根据我上面提到的，我如何识别并微调性能瓶颈？
我不知道从哪里开始。
我只能在高峰使用时间进行2个小时的实时测试。
摘录httpd.conf
Timeout 60
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 150
KeepAliveTimeout 5
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 8
MinSpareServers 25
MaxSpareServers 20
ServerLimit 256
MaxClients 256
MaxRequestsPerChild 4000
</IfModule>
输出SHOW VARIABLES;
auto_increment_increment 1
auto_increment_offset 1
autocommit ON
automatic_sp_privileges ON
back_log 50
basedir /usr
big_tables OFF
binlog_cache_size 32768
binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF
binlog_format STATEMENT
binlog_stmt_cache_size 32768
bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608
character_set_client utf8
character_set_connection utf8
character_set_database latin1
character_set_filesystem binary
character_set_results utf8
character_set_server latin1
character_set_system utf8
character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection utf8_unicode_ci
collation_database latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server latin1_swedish_ci
completion_type NO_CHAIN
concurrent_insert AUTO
connect_timeout 10
datadir /var/lib/mysql/
date_format %Y-%m-%d
datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s
default_storage_engine InnoDB
default_week_format 0
delay_key_write ON
delayed_insert_limit 100
delayed_insert_timeout 300
delayed_queue_size 1000
div_precision_increment 4
engine_condition_pushdown ON
error_count 0
event_scheduler OFF
expire_logs_days 0
external_user
flush OFF
flush_time 0
foreign_key_checks ON
ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&|
ft_max_word_len 84
ft_min_word_len 4
ft_query_expansion_limit 20
ft_stopword_file (built-in)
general_log OFF
general_log_file /var/lib/mysql/adsrv336.log
group_concat_max_len 1024
have_compress YES
have_crypt YES
have_csv YES
have_dynamic_loading YES
have_geometry YES
have_innodb YES
have_ndbcluster NO
have_openssl DISABLED
have_partitioning YES
have_profiling YES
have_query_cache YES
have_rtree_keys YES
have_ssl DISABLED
have_symlink DISABLED
hostname adsrv336.dedicatedhost.com
identity 0
ignore_builtin_innodb OFF
init_connect
init_file
init_slave
innodb_adaptive_flushing ON
innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 8388608
innodb_autoextend_increment 8
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1
innodb_buffer_pool_instances 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size 134217728
innodb_change_buffering all
innodb_checksums ON
innodb_commit_concurrency 0
innodb_concurrency_tickets 500
innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_data_home_dir
innodb_doublewrite ON
innodb_fast_shutdown 1
innodb_file_format Antelope
innodb_file_format_check ON
innodb_file_format_max Antelope
innodb_file_per_table OFF
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1
innodb_flush_method
innodb_force_load_corrupted OFF
innodb_force_recovery 0
innodb_io_capacity 200
innodb_large_prefix OFF
innodb_lock_wait_timeout 50
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF
innodb_log_buffer_size 8388608
innodb_log_file_size 5242880
innodb_log_files_in_group 2
innodb_log_group_home_dir ./
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 75
innodb_max_purge_lag 0
innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1
innodb_old_blocks_pct 37
innodb_old_blocks_time 0
innodb_open_files 300
innodb_print_all_deadlocks OFF
innodb_purge_batch_size 20
innodb_purge_threads 0
innodb_random_read_ahead OFF
innodb_read_ahead_threshold 56
innodb_read_io_threads 4
innodb_replication_delay 0
innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF
innodb_rollback_segments 128
innodb_spin_wait_delay 6
innodb_stats_method nulls_equal
innodb_stats_on_metadata ON
innodb_stats_sample_pages 8
innodb_strict_mode OFF
innodb_support_xa ON
innodb_sync_spin_loops 30
innodb_table_locks ON
innodb_thread_concurrency 0
innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000
innodb_use_native_aio ON
innodb_use_sys_malloc ON
innodb_version 5.5.44
innodb_write_io_threads 4
insert_id 0
interactive_timeout 28800
join_buffer_size 131072
keep_files_on_create OFF
key_buffer_size 8388608
key_cache_age_threshold 300
key_cache_block_size 1024
key_cache_division_limit 100
large_files_support ON
large_page_size 0
large_pages OFF
last_insert_id 0
lc_messages en_US
lc_messages_dir /usr/share/mysql/
lc_time_names en_US
license GPL
local_infile OFF
lock_wait_timeout 31536000
locked_in_memory OFF
log OFF
log_bin OFF
log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF
log_error /var/log/mysqld.log
log_output FILE
log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF
log_slave_updates OFF
log_slow_queries OFF
log_warnings 1
long_query_time 10.000000
low_priority_updates OFF
lower_case_file_system OFF
lower_case_table_names 0
max_allowed_packet 1048576
max_binlog_cache_size 18446744073709547520
max_binlog_size 1073741824
max_binlog_stmt_cache_size 18446744073709547520
max_connect_errors 10
max_connections 151
max_delayed_threads 20
max_error_count 64
max_heap_table_size 16777216
max_insert_delayed_threads 20
max_join_size 18446744073709551615
max_length_for_sort_data 1024
max_long_data_size 1048576
max_prepared_stmt_count 16382
max_relay_log_size 0
max_seeks_for_key 18446744073709551615
max_sort_length 1024
max_sp_recursion_depth 0
max_tmp_tables 32
max_user_connections 0
max_write_lock_count 18446744073709551615
metadata_locks_cache_size 1024
min_examined_row_limit 0
multi_range_count 256
myisam_data_pointer_size 6
myisam_max_sort_file_size 9223372036853727232
myisam_mmap_size 18446744073709551615
myisam_recover_options OFF
myisam_repair_threads 1
myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608
myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal
myisam_use_mmap OFF
net_buffer_length 16384
net_read_timeout 30
net_retry_count 10
net_write_timeout 60
new OFF
old OFF
old_alter_table OFF
old_passwords OFF
open_files_limit 1024
optimizer_prune_level 1
optimizer_search_depth 62
optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on,engine_condition_pushdown=on
performance_schema OFF
performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size 10000
performance_schema_events_waits_history_size 10
performance_schema_max_cond_classes 80
performance_schema_max_cond_instances 1000
performance_schema_max_file_classes 50
performance_schema_max_file_handles 32768
performance_schema_max_file_instances 10000
performance_schema_max_mutex_classes 200
performance_schema_max_mutex_instances 1000000
performance_schema_max_rwlock_classes 30
performance_schema_max_rwlock_instances 1000000
performance_schema_max_table_handles 100000
performance_schema_max_table_instances 50000
performance_schema_max_thread_classes 50
performance_schema_max_thread_instances 1000
pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
plugin_dir /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
port 3306
preload_buffer_size 32768
profiling OFF
profiling_history_size 15
protocol_version 10
proxy_user
pseudo_slave_mode OFF
pseudo_thread_id 2107455
query_alloc_block_size 8192
query_cache_limit 1048576
query_cache_min_res_unit 4096
query_cache_size 0
query_cache_type ON
query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF
query_prealloc_size 8192
rand_seed1 0
rand_seed2 0
range_alloc_block_size 4096
read_buffer_size 131072
read_only OFF
read_rnd_buffer_size 262144
relay_log
relay_log_index
relay_log_info_file relay-log.info
relay_log_purge ON
relay_log_recovery OFF
relay_log_space_limit 0
report_host
report_password
report_port 3306
report_user
rpl_recovery_rank 0
secure_auth OFF
secure_file_priv
server_id 0
skip_external_locking ON
skip_name_resolve OFF
skip_networking OFF
skip_show_database OFF
slave_compressed_protocol OFF
slave_exec_mode STRICT
slave_load_tmpdir /tmp
slave_max_allowed_packet 1073741824
slave_net_timeout 3600
slave_skip_errors OFF
slave_transaction_retries 10
slave_type_conversions
slow_launch_time 2
slow_query_log OFF
slow_query_log_file /var/lib/mysql/adsrv336-slow.log
socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
sort_buffer_size 2097152
sql_auto_is_null OFF
sql_big_selects ON
sql_big_tables OFF
sql_buffer_result OFF
sql_log_bin ON
sql_log_off OFF
sql_low_priority_updates OFF
sql_max_join_size 18446744073709551615
sql_mode
sql_notes ON
sql_quote_show_create ON
sql_safe_updates OFF
sql_select_limit 18446744073709551615
sql_slave_skip_counter 0
sql_warnings OFF
ssl_ca
ssl_capath
ssl_cert
ssl_cipher
ssl_key
storage_engine InnoDB
stored_program_cache 256
sync_binlog 0
sync_frm ON
sync_master_info 0
sync_relay_log 0
sync_relay_log_info 0
system_time_zone UTC
table_definition_cache 400
table_open_cache 400
thread_cache_size 0
thread_concurrency 10
thread_handling one-thread-per-connection
thread_stack 262144
thread_statistics OFF
time_format %H:%i:%s
time_zone SYSTEM
timed_mutexes OFF
timestamp 1486188305
tmp_table_size 16777216
tmpdir /tmp
transaction_alloc_block_size 8192
transaction_prealloc_size 4096
tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ
unique_checks ON
updatable_views_with_limit YES
userstat OFF
version 5.5.44-cll-lve
version_comment MySQL Community Server (GPL) by Atomicorp
version_compile_machine x86_64
version_compile_os Linux
wait_timeout 28800
warning_count 0
输出SHOW GLOBAL STATUS;
Aborted_clients 2188
Aborted_connects 30745
Binlog_cache_disk_use 0
Binlog_cache_use 0
Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use 0
Binlog_stmt_cache_use 0
Bytes_received 336007637149
Bytes_sent 135868200114
Com_admin_commands 2165671522
Com_assign_to_keycache 0
Com_alter_db 0
Com_alter_db_upgrade 0
Com_alter_event 0
Com_alter_function 0
Com_alter_procedure 0
Com_alter_server 0
Com_alter_table 0
Com_alter_tablespace 0
Com_analyze 0
Com_begin 2582
Com_binlog 0
Com_call_procedure 0
Com_change_db 2167726231
Com_change_master 0
Com_check 721
Com_checksum 0
Com_commit 2582
Com_create_db 0
Com_create_event 0
Com_create_function 0
Com_create_index 5174
Com_create_procedure 0
Com_create_server 0
Com_create_table 2587
Com_create_trigger 0
Com_create_udf 0
Com_create_user 0
Com_create_view 0
Com_dealloc_sql 10294
Com_delete 90591
Com_delete_multi 107
Com_do 0
Com_drop_db 0
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Com_drop_function 0
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Com_drop_procedure 0
Com_drop_server 0
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Com_drop_trigger 0
Com_drop_user 0
Com_drop_view 0
Com_empty_query 0
Com_enable_governor 0
Com_enable_governor_reconn 0
Com_enable_governor_lve 0
Com_enable_governor_reconn_lve 0
Com_execute_sql 10294
Com_flush 0
Com_grant 0
Com_ha_close 0
Com_ha_open 0
Com_ha_read 0
Com_help 0
Com_insert 732167877
Com_insert_select 7871
Com_install_plugin 0
Com_kill 0
Com_load 2587
Com_lock_tables 336
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Com_prepare_sql 10294
Com_purge 0
Com_purge_before_date 0
Com_release_savepoint 0
Com_rename_table 0
Com_rename_user 0
Com_repair 0
Com_replace 61
Com_replace_select 0
Com_reset 0
Com_resignal 0
Com_revoke 0
Com_revoke_all 0
Com_rollback 0
Com_rollback_to_savepoint 0
Com_savepoint 0
Com_select 16316658
Com_set_option 4335664028
Com_signal 0
Com_show_authors 0
Com_show_binlog_events 0
Com_show_binlogs 3
Com_show_charsets 0
Com_show_client_statistics 0
Com_show_collations 0
Com_show_contributors 0
Com_show_create_db 321
Com_show_create_event 0
Com_show_create_func 0
Com_show_create_proc 0
Com_show_create_table 39055
Com_show_create_trigger 0
Com_show_databases 965
Com_show_engine_logs 0
Com_show_engine_mutex 0
Com_show_engine_status 0
Com_show_events 0
Com_show_errors 0
Com_show_fields 326814
Com_show_function_status 0
Com_show_grants 3
Com_show_index_statistics 0
Com_show_keys 49105
Com_show_master_status 11
Com_show_open_tables 0
Com_show_plugins 0
Com_show_privileges 0
Com_show_procedure_status 0
Com_show_processlist 5
Com_show_profile 0
Com_show_profiles 0
Com_show_relaylog_events 0
Com_show_slave_hosts 0
Com_show_slave_status 11
Com_show_status 17
Com_show_storage_engines 0
Com_show_table_statistics 0
Com_show_table_status 39590
Com_show_tables 26194
Com_show_thread_statistics 0
Com_show_triggers 38841
Com_show_user_statistics 0
Com_show_variables 2792
Com_show_warnings 0
Com_slave_start 0
Com_slave_stop 0
Com_stmt_close 10294
Com_stmt_execute 10294
Com_stmt_fetch 0
Com_stmt_prepare 10294
Com_stmt_reprepare 0
Com_stmt_reset 0
Com_stmt_send_long_data 0
Com_truncate 2587
Com_uninstall_plugin 0
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Com_update_multi 5124
Com_xa_commit 0
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Com_xa_start 0
Compression OFF
Connections 2107678
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Created_tmp_tables 3078901
Delayed_errors 0
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Handler_commit 748577022
Handler_delete 5716734
Handler_discover 0
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Handler_read_key 1100551034
Handler_read_last 57
Handler_read_next 403408954
Handler_read_prev 437
Handler_read_rnd 11287933
Handler_read_rnd_next 261237848
Handler_rollback 84
Handler_savepoint 0
Handler_savepoint_rollback 0
Handler_update 790681045
Handler_write 781433379
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data 7724
Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data 126550016
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty 594
Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty 9732096
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Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc 465
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total 8192
Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd 0
Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead 2767609
Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted 57329
Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests 12257284809
Innodb_buffer_pool_reads 27826982
Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free 0
Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests 4117902862
Innodb_data_fsyncs 570895897
Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs 1
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Innodb_data_read 501890338816
Innodb_data_reads 30632828
Innodb_data_writes 655956295
Innodb_data_written 3482707620864
Innodb_dblwr_pages_written 91473015
Innodb_dblwr_writes 7099319
Innodb_have_atomic_builtins ON
Innodb_log_waits 0
Innodb_log_write_requests 396703814
Innodb_log_writes 555866212
Innodb_os_log_fsyncs 556959782
Innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs 1
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Innodb_os_log_written 484844787200
Innodb_page_size 16384
Innodb_pages_created 155964
Innodb_pages_read 30632831
Innodb_pages_written 91473015
Innodb_row_lock_current_waits 0
Innodb_row_lock_time 7629691
Innodb_row_lock_time_avg 79
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Innodb_rows_deleted 5716233
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Innodb_rows_read 1809037295
Innodb_rows_updated 726405176
Innodb_truncated_status_writes 0
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Key_blocks_unused 6679
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Key_read_requests 7690348
Key_reads 3306
Key_write_requests 5070367
Key_writes 501
Last_query_cost 0.000000
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Performance_schema_table_handles_lost 0
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Performance_schema_thread_classes_lost 0
Performance_schema_thread_instances_lost 0
Prepared_stmt_count 0
Qcache_free_blocks 0
Qcache_free_memory 0
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Queries 9420404640
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Rpl_status AUTH_MASTER
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Ssl_cipher
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Ssl_session_cache_mode NONE
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Ssl_session_cache_timeouts 0
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Ssl_verify_depth 0
Ssl_verify_mode 0
Ssl_version
Table_locks_immediate 788956379
Table_locks_waited 0
Tc_log_max_pages_used 0
Tc_log_page_size 0
Tc_log_page_waits 0
Threads_cached 0
Threads_connected 8
Threads_created 2107677
Threads_running 2
Uptime 9223463
Uptime_since_flush_status 9223463
以下是一些显示当前memcached统计数据的附加信息。不确定它是否表明存在任何与瓶颈相关的问题：
STAT pid 2
44Mbs / 100Mbs——几乎饱和。以太网只能处理约 60/100。我怀疑你的峰值那么高。
因此，要么增加该机器上的带宽，要么添加另一台运行除 MySQL 之外的所有内容的服务器。
您的广告是否存储在 MySQL 中？或者您是否只存储广告链接，而广告服务器拥有 html？我问，因为在前一种情况下，您将需要多个额外的广告服务器，并且您可能需要多个从站来传递流量。（这是因为大量广告会通过网络从 MySQL 传输到单独的广告服务器。）
无论如何，您现在应该致力于扩展 Web 服务器和 MySQL。
MySQL 是什么SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'Max_used_connections';？如果这还不止的话。30，那么 MySQL 可能会陷入困境。当任何服务器（网络或数据库）尝试同时处理“太多”事情时，资源会被均匀共享。这导致吞吐量停滞和延迟严重延长。当这种情况发生时，你最好在实际的最高级别上限制事情——如果它只会让事情更加陷入困境，那么启动另一个进程是没有用的。11232听起来是这样的情况吗？
平均负载听起来 CPU 不是问题。（很少用于 MySQL。）
变量和状态分析
观察结果：
版本：5.5.44-cll-lve
31.1 GB RAM
正常运行时间 = 106d 18:04:23
您没有在 Windows 上运行。
运行 64 位版本
您似乎完全（或大部分）运行 InnoDB。
115 个计算变量/状态/表达式；下面讨论的有趣的
更重要的问题
您为 InnoDB 的 buffer_pool 使用的 RAM 不到 1%。升到innodb_buffer_pool_size16G。这应该会显着减少 I/O。但是，由于您的数据集似乎相当小，因此可能没有多大帮助。
innodb_log_file_size = 90M-- 目前您的默认值是“微小”5M。90M 会减少某些会减慢速度的事情。然而……改变这个设置并不容易，尤其是在 5.5 中。因此，将此作为“最后的手段”。（您应该计划在某个时候进行升级。）
一半的临时表溢出到磁盘。1/5 正在进行全表扫描。让我们看看一些慢查询；它们可能可以通过模式更改、查询更改和/或索引更改来改进。这对于改善延迟来说可能是最重要的。
79 次写入/秒。你在写什么？可以通过某种方式对它们进行批处理吗？
降低long_query_time至2；它将帮助您找到缓慢的查询。并设置slow_query_log = ON。
每个连接更改数据库一千次（235 次/秒）？到底是怎么回事？
Thread_cache_size现在是 0；改为20。“0”会导致每个新连接都要经历一个有点冗长的建立进程的过程等。大于0，就避免了这个过程。这可能是另一个重大改进。
max_connections = 151——我已经讨论过减少客户对此的需求。（无需更改此号码。）
query_cache_type = OFF-- 避免一些开销
细节和其他观察结果
( innodb_buffer_pool_size / _ram ) = 128M / 33393370726.4 = 0.40%-- 用于 InnoDB buffer_pool 的 RAM 百分比
( open_files_limit ) = 1,024-- ulimit -n -- 要允许更多文件，请更改 ulimit 或 /etc/security/limits.conf 或 sysctl.conf (kern.maxfiles & kern.maxfilesperproc) 或其他内容（取决于操作系统）
( Innodb_log_writes ) = 555,866,212 / 9223463 = 60 /sec
( Innodb_os_log_written / (Uptime / 3600) / innodb_log_files_in_group / innodb_log_file_size ) = 484,844,787,200 / (9223463 / 3600) / 2 / 5M = 18- 比率
( Uptime / 60 * innodb_log_file_size / Innodb_os_log_written ) = 9,223,463 / 60 * 5M / 484844787200 = 1.66-- InnoDB 日志轮换之间的分钟数从 5.6.8 开始，可以动态更改；请务必同时更改 my.cnf。--（轮换间隔为 60 分钟的建议有些随意。）调整 innodb_log_file_size。
( Created_tmp_disk_tables / (Created_tmp_disk_tables + Created_tmp_tables) ) = 2,899,422 / (2899422 + 3078901) = 48.5%-- 溢出到磁盘的临时表的百分比 -- 可能增加 tmp_table_size 和 max_heap_table_size；避免斑点等。
( Select_scan / Com_select ) = 3,328,035 / 16316658 = 20.4%-- 执行全表扫描的选择百分比。（可能会被存储例程愚弄。） -- 添加索引/优化查询
( Com_insert + Com_delete + Com_delete_multi + Com_replace + Com_update + Com_update_multi ) = (732167877 + 90591 + 107 + 61 + 44026 + 5124) / 9223463 = 79 /sec-- 写入/秒 -- 50 次写入/秒 + 日志刷新可能会最大化普通驱动器的 I/O 写入能力
( long_query_time ) = 10.000000 = 10-- 用于定义“慢速”查询的截止时间（秒）。-- 建议2
( Com_change_db / Connections ) = 2,167,726,231 / 2107678 = 1,028-- 每个连接的数据库切换 -- (次要) 考虑使用“db.table”语法
( Com_change_db ) = 2,167,726,231 / 9223463 = 235 /sec-- 可能来自 USE 语句。-- 考虑与DB连接，使用db.tbl语法，消除虚假的USE语句等。
( Threads_created / Connections ) = 2,107,677 / 2107678 = 100.0%-- 进程创建的速度 -- 增加 thread_cache_size (非 Windows)
Com_create_index= 2 /HR -- 发生了什么事？每周一次是频率很高的CREATE INDEX！
have_symlink并且local_infile可能存在安全漏洞。
您的查询缓存已减半。您应该设置 query_cache_type = OFF 和 query_cache_size = 0 。（据传言）QC 代码中存在一个“错误”，除非您关闭这两个设置，否则某些代码会保持打开状态。