用vim中的替换替换C语句

Question

我想使用vim的替换函数(:%s)来搜索和替换某种代码模式.例如,如果我有类似于以下代码:

if(!foo)

我想用以下代替:

if(foo == NULL)

然而,foo只是一个例子.变量名可以是任何名称.

这是我为我的vim命令提出的:

:%s/if(!.*)/if(.* == NULL)/gc

它正确搜索语句,但它试图用".*"而不是那里的变量(即"foo")替换它.有没有办法用vim做我要问的事情？

如果没有,是否还有其他编辑器/工具可以帮我修改这些？

提前致谢!

Answer 1

您需要使用捕获分组和反向引用才能实现:

      Pattern     String sub. flags
    |---------| |------------| |-|

:%s/if(!\(.*\))/if(\1 == NULL)/gc

         |---|    |--|
           |        ^
           |________|
 The matched string in pattern will be exactly repeated in string substitution

:help /\(

\(\)    A pattern enclosed by escaped parentheses.                 /\(/\(\) /\)
        E.g., "\(^a\)" matches 'a' at the start of a line.
        E51 E54 E55 E872 E873 

\1      Matches the same string that was matched by                     /\1 E65
        the first sub-expression in \( and \). {not in Vi}
        Example: "\([a-z]\).\1" matches "ata", "ehe", "tot", etc. 
\2      Like "\1", but uses second sub-expression,                      /\2  
   ...                                                                  /\3
\9      Like "\1", but uses ninth sub-expression.                       /\9
        Note: The numbering of groups is done based on which "\(" comes first
        in the pattern (going left to right), NOT based on what is matched
        first.