如何使用TensorFlow正确管理内存和批处理大小

Question

我正在使用TensorFlow构建一个简单的前馈神经网络,我使用的是可变大小的批处理.我没有使用GPU,我有8GB内存,并在Python 3.5.2上运行.

我的问题是,我有一些太大的批次,并产生典型的内存不足错误.我明白,这不是问题.但是,如果我使用带有TF后端的Keras,我就没有这个问题.我已经建立了一个示例(具有固定大小的批次),这说明了这一点.

我的实施有问题吗？我应该如何处理太大的批次？

TensorFlow示例(耗尽内存)

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

n_observations = 100000
n_input = 6
batch_size = 20000
X = np.random.rand(n_observations, n_input)
Y = X[:,0] ** 3 + X[:,1] ** 2 + X[:,2] + X[:,3] + X[:,4] + X[:,5]+ np.random.rand(n_observations)

n_hidden = 16
n_output = 1

def generatebatch(n_observations, batch_size):
    for batch_i in range(n_observations // batch_size):
        start = batch_i*batch_size
        end = start + batch_size
        batch_xs = X[start:end, :]
        batch_ys = Y[start:end]
        yield batch_xs, batch_ys

with tf.Session() as sess:
    # placeholders for input and target
    net_input = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, n_input])
    y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)

    # Hidden Layer
    W1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_input, n_hidden]))
    b1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden]))
    net_output1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(net_input, W1) + b1)

    # Yet another Hidden Layer
    yaW1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden, n_hidden]))
    yab1 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden]))
    yanet_output1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(net_output1, yaW1) + yab1)

    # Output Layer
    W2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_hidden, n_output]))
    b2 = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_output]))
    net_output2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(yanet_output1, W2) + b2)

    # The loss function
    cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.pow(y_true - net_output2, 2))

    # Configure the optimizer
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer().minimize(cost)

    # Initialize variables
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    n_epochs = 100
    for epoch_i in range(n_epochs):
        batchloss = []
        for batch_xs, batch_ys in generatebatch(n_observations, batch_size):
            _, loss = sess.run(
                [optimizer, cost],
                feed_dict={
                    net_input: batch_xs,
                    y_true: batch_ys
            })
            batchloss.append(loss)
        print(np.mean(batchloss))

Keras示例(以某种方式处理批量大小)

import numpy as np
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
import logging

#just to hide the deprecation warnings
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.CRITICAL)

n_input = 6
n_observations = 100000
n_hidden = 16
n_epochs = 10
batch_size = 35000

# input data
X = np.random.rand(n_observations, n_input)
Y = X[:,0] ** 3 + X[:,1] ** 2 + X[:,2] + X[:,3] + X[:,4] + X[:,5]+ np.random.rand(n_observations)

# create and fit Multilayer Perceptron model
model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(n_hidden, input_dim=n_input, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(n_hidden, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer='adam')
model.fit(X, Y, nb_epoch=n_epochs, batch_size=batch_size, verbose=1)

Answer 1

您的Y形状不正确，可能导致张量流错误地推断张量的形状（例如，（20000, 20000）而不是（20000, 6）），消耗大量内存。

Y = np.reshape(Y, [n_observations, 1])

因此你的占位符应该具有相同的形状：

net_input = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, n_input])
y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 1])