Pae*_*els 5 python methods alias python-3.x python-decorators
我的 Python 程序中有一个相当复杂的类层次结构。该程序有很多工具,要么是模拟器,要么是编译器。两种类型共享一些方法,因此有一个Shared类作为所有类的基类。一个精简示例如下所示:
class Shared:
__TOOL__ = None
def _Prepare(self):
print("Preparing {0}".format(self.__TOOL__))
class Compiler(Shared):
def _Prepare(self):
print("do stuff 1")
super()._Prepare()
print("do stuff 2")
def _PrepareCompiler(self):
print("do stuff 3")
self._Prepare()
print("do stuff 4")
class Simulator(Shared):
def _PrepareSimulator(self): # <=== how to create an alias here?
self._Prepare()
class Tool1(Simulator):
__TOOL__ = "Tool1"
def __init__(self):
self._PrepareSimulator()
def _PrepareSimulator(self):
print("do stuff a")
super()._PrepareSimulator()
print("do stuff b")
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我可以将方法定义Simulator._PrepareSimulator为 的别名Simulator/Shared._Prepare吗?
我知道我可以创建本地别名,例如:__str__ = __repr__,但在我的情况下_Prepare在上下文中是未知的。我没有self也没有cls参考这个方法。
我可以写一个装饰器来代替 return_Prepare吗_PrepareSimulator?但我如何_Prepare在装饰器中找到呢?
我还需要调整方法绑定吗?
我设法创建一个基于装饰器的解决方案,确保类型安全。第一个装饰器注释本地方法的别名。它需要保护别名目标。需要第二个装饰器来替换Alias实例并检查别名是否指向类型层次结构中的方法。
装饰器/别名定义:
from inspect import getmro
class Alias:
def __init__(self, method):
self.method = method
def __call__(self, func):
return self
def HasAliases(cls):
def _inspect(memberName, target):
for base in getmro(cls):
if target.__name__ in base.__dict__:
if (target is base.__dict__[target.__name__]):
setattr(cls, memberName, target)
return
else:
raise NameError("Alias references a method '{0}', which is not part of the class hierarchy: {1}.".format(
target.__name__, " -> ".join([base.__name__ for base in getmro(cls)])
))
for memberName, alias in cls.__dict__.items():
if isinstance(alias, Alias):
_inspect(memberName, alias.method)
return cls
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使用示例:
class Shared:
__TOOL__ = None
def _Prepare(self):
print("Preparing {0}".format(self.__TOOL__))
class Shared2:
__TOOL__ = None
def _Prepare(self):
print("Preparing {0}".format(self.__TOOL__))
class Compiler(Shared):
def _Prepare(self):
print("do stuff 1")
super()._Prepare()
print("do stuff 2")
def _PrepareCompiler(self):
print("do stuff 3")
self._Prepare()
print("do stuff 4")
@HasAliases
class Simulator(Shared):
@Alias(Shared._Prepare)
def _PrepareSimulatorForLinux(self): pass
@Alias(Shared._Prepare)
def _PrepareSimulatorForWindows(self): pass
class Tool1(Simulator):
__TOOL__ = "Tool1"
def __init__(self):
self._PrepareSimulator()
def _PrepareSimulator(self):
print("do stuff a")
super()._PrepareSimulatorForLinux()
print("do stuff b")
super()._PrepareSimulatorForWindows()
print("do stuff c")
t = Tool1()
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设置@Alias(Shared._Prepare)为@Alias(Shared2._Prepare)将引发异常:
NameError:别名引用了方法“_Prepare”,该方法不是类层次结构的一部分:模拟器 -> 共享 -> 对象。