没有定义bean命名

Question

我正在使用JUnit来测试Spring的Component,抛出错误:

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'wsVehicleService' is defined

这是我的测试类:

package com.zw.ws.service.impl;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/*.xml")    
public class WsVehicleServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Test
    public void getHistoryAlarmInfo() throws Exception {
        try {
            String requestJson = "\"{\"VEHICLEID\":\"cae21196-cb66-4256-88a6-7cdfb23e2c78\",\"STARTTIME\":1476115200,\"ENDTIME\":1476201599,\"TYPE\":1}\"";
            WsVehicleService vehicleService = (WsVehicleService) ctx.getBean("wsVehicleService");
            vehicleService.getHistoryAlarmInfoImpl(requestJson);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这是将测试的类:

@Component
public class WsVehicleService {

    public List<HistoryAlarmInfo> getHistoryAlarmInfo(String requestJson) {
        try {
            return getHistoryAlarmInfoImpl(requestJson);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

当JUnit运行到getBean时,抛出错误:No bean named 'wsVehicleService' is defined.出了什么问题？我能做些什么来做对吗？

我尝试了什么:

添加@ComponentScan("com.zw.ws.*")以扫描WsVehicleService类.

这是日志:

    12:53:11.098]-[main]-[org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener]-{After test method: context [DefaultTestContext@58783f6c testClass = WsVehicleServiceTest, testInstance = com.zw.ws.service.impl.WsVehicleServiceTest@7577b641, testMethod = getHistoryAlarmInfo@WsVehicleServiceTest, testException = org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'wsVehicleService' is defined, mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@3a7b503d testClass = WsVehicleServiceTest, locations = '{classpath:/*.xml}', classes = '{}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader', parent = [null]]], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null], method annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null].}

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'wsVehicleService' is defined

    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:698)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1175)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1054)
    at com.zw.ws.service.impl.WsVehicleServiceTest.getHistoryAlarmInfo(WsVehicleServiceTest.java:27)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:254)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:117)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:253)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:84)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)


            12:53:11.107]-[main]-[org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener]-{After test class: context [DefaultTestContext@58783f6c testClass = WsVehicleServiceTest, testInstance = [null], testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [MergedContextConfiguration@3a7b503d testClass = WsVehicleServiceTest, locations = '{classpath:/*.xml}', classes = '{}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{}', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader', parent = [null]]], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null].}

PS:这不是XML配置,所有bean都使用autoscan.

Answer 1

在以下情况下抛出“未定义名为 'xxx' 的 bean”：

• 您的 bean 具有不同的名称。
• 您的 bean 实际上不在上下文中。

由于您尚未更改 bean 的默认名称，因此必须是 bean 未正确加载。

您需要指出在运行测试时要扫描的组件（xml 配置或@Configuration 类）和加载的位置。我会创建一个配置类，然后在 ContextConfiguration 注释中添加这个新的配置类（或者，如果您愿意，可以使用 xml）。

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.zw.ws"})
public class AppTestConfig {}

你的测试类然后：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={AppTestConfig.class}) 
public class WsVehicleServiceTest {
...
}

您还可以对@Autowire您的服务进行注释，并让 Spring 完成接线工作。

Answer 2

换线

WsVehicleService vehicleService = (WsVehicleService) ctx.getBean(WsVehicleService .class);

或者

@Component("wsVehicleService")
public class WsVehicleService{

//..

}

Answer 3

1)第一个解决方案:

@ContextConfiguration 初始化Spring上下文,默认情况下,在与单元测试相同的包中查找Spring XML文件,文件名与带有'-context.xml'的类相同作为后缀

尝试在com.mycompany.annotation包中添加WsVehicleServiceTest-context.xml文件.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

      <bean id="wsVehicleService"
          class="com.mycompany.annotation.WsVehicleService">
      </bean>

</beans>

删除后的Junit测试类("classpath:/*.xml"):

package com.mycompany.annotation;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class WsVehicleServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Test
    public void getHistoryAlarmInfo() throws Exception {
        try {
            WsVehicleService vehicleService = (WsVehicleService) ctx
                    .getBean("wsVehicleService");
            String hi = vehicleService.sayHi();
            System.out.println(hi);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

注意:如果你想使用,请@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/*.xml")确保你放

<bean id="wsVehicleService"
              class="com.mycompany.annotation.WsVehicleService">
</bean>

在任何一个*.xml文件中

2)第二解决方案:

确保放入<context:annotation-config />xml文件.在这里,您不需要在xml文件中声明wsVehicleService bean.

使用@Autowiredon 修改测试类WsVehicleService

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/*.xml")   
public class WsVehicleServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Autowired
    WsVehicleService wsVehicleService;

    @Test
    public void getHistoryAlarmInfo() throws Exception {
        try {
            String hi = wsVehicleService.sayHi();
            System.out.println(hi);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3)第三种解决方案:

您已经提到,您不使用任何xml配置文件,您的异常告诉 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException

您的WsVehicleService可能不存在于上下文中的一个原因是它可能在Spring未扫描的包中定义.

确保您的WsVehicleService存在于@ComponentScan("com.mycompany.annotation")包中.

1)带注释@Configuration的应用程序配置类

package com.mycompany.annotation;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.mycompany.annotation")
public class AppConfig {

}

2)您的服务类

package com.mycompany.annotation;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class WsVehicleService {
    public String sayHi(){
        return "HI !!!!!!!!!!";
    }
}

3)Junit测试类

package com.mycompany.annotation;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AppConfig.class)
public class WsVehicleServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Test
    public void getHistoryAlarmInfo() throws Exception {
        try {
            WsVehicleService vehicleService = (WsVehicleService) ctx
                    .getBean("wsVehicleService");
            String hi = vehicleService.sayHi();
            System.out.println(hi);
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

OUTPUT:

HI !!!!!!!!!!

欲了解更多信息,你可以参考这个和这个

有关NoSuchBeanDefinitionException的原因和可能解决方案的更多参考