合并复杂表

Question

合并复杂表

Pri*_*ime 10 sql database postgresql merge

我正在尝试合并表,其中行对应于与"真实"事物的多个:1关系.

我正在编写一个二十一点模拟器,它将游戏历史记录存储在数据库中,每次运行时都会生成一组新表.这些表格更像是模板,因为每个游戏都有自己的3个可变表格(玩家,手和火柴).这是布局,其中suff是用户指定的后缀,用于当前运行:

 - cards
     - id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
     - cardValue INTEGER NOT NULL 
     - suit INTEGER NOT NULL
 - players_suff
     - whichPlayer INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
     - aiType TEXT NOT NULL
 - hands_suff
     - id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY
     - whichPlayer INTEGER REFERENCES players_suff(whichPlayer) *
     - whichHand BIGINT NOT NULL
     - thisCard INTEGER REFERENCES cards(id)
 - matches_suff
     - id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY
     - whichGame INTEGER NOT NULL
     - dealersHand BIGINT NOT NULL
     - whichPlayer INTEGER REFERENCES players_suff(whichPlayer)
     - thisPlayersHand BIGINT NOT NULL **
     - playerResult INTEGER NOT NULL --AKA who won

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仅创建一个卡表,因为其值是常量.

因此,在运行模拟器两次后,您可能会:

hands_firstrun
players_firstrun
matches_firstrun
hands_secondrun
players_secondrun
matches_secondrun

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如果你对这两个运行使用相同的AI参数(即players_firstrun和players_secondrun完全相同),我希望能够组合这些表.问题在于我插入手的方式使得它非常混乱:哪个手不能是BIGSERIAL,因为hands_suff行与"实际手"的关系很多:1.matches_suff以相同的方式处理,因为二十一点"游戏"实际上由一组游戏组成:每个玩家对经销商的一对.因此,对于3名玩家,每轮实际上有3行.

目前我选择表中最大的哪个手柄,加1,然后插入一手的所有行.我担心这个"查询和插入"会非常慢,如果我合并两个可能都是任意巨大的表.

当我合并表时,我觉得我应该能够(完全在SQL中)查询最大的值,其中Hand和哪个游戏然后使用它们组合表,为表中的每个唯一的哪个和哪个游戏合并递增它们.

(我看到了这个问题,但它没有处理在2个不同的地方使用生成的ID).我正在使用Postgres,如果答案是特定的,那就没关系.

*遗憾的是postgres不允许参数化表名,所以这必须通过手动字符串替换来完成.不是世界末日,因为该程序不面向网络,除了我之外没有人可能会费心,但SQL注入漏洞并不能让我高兴.

**matches_suff(whichPlayersHand)最初将引用hands_suff(whichHand),但外键必须引用唯一值.whichHand并不是唯一的,因为一只手由多行组成,每行"持有"一张牌.要查询指针,请选择具有相同值的所有行.如果不诉诸数组,我想不出更优雅的方法.

编辑:

这就是我现在拥有的:

thomas=# \dt
            List of relations
 Schema |      Name      | Type  | Owner
--------+----------------+-------+--------
 public | cards          | table | thomas
 public | hands_first    | table | thomas
 public | hands_second   | table | thomas
 public | matches_first  | table | thomas
 public | matches_second | table | thomas
 public | players_first  | table | thomas
 public | players_second | table | thomas
(7 rows)

thomas=# SELECT * FROM hands_first
thomas-# \g
 id | whichplayer | whichhand | thiscard
----+-------------+-----------+----------
  1 |           0 |         0 |        6
  2 |           0 |         0 |       63
  3 |           0 |         0 |       41
  4 |           1 |         1 |       76
  5 |           1 |         1 |       23
  6 |           0 |         2 |       51
  7 |           0 |         2 |       29
  8 |           0 |         2 |        2
  9 |           0 |         2 |       92
 10 |           0 |         2 |        6
 11 |           1 |         3 |      101
 12 |           1 |         3 |        8
(12 rows)

thomas=# SELECT * FROM hands_second
thomas-# \g
 id | whichplayer | whichhand | thiscard
----+-------------+-----------+----------
  1 |           0 |         0 |       78
  2 |           0 |         0 |       38
  3 |           1 |         1 |       24
  4 |           1 |         1 |       18
  5 |           1 |         1 |       95
  6 |           1 |         1 |       40
  7 |           0 |         2 |       13
  8 |           0 |         2 |       84
  9 |           0 |         2 |       41
 10 |           1 |         3 |       29
 11 |           1 |         3 |       34
 12 |           1 |         3 |       56
 13 |           1 |         3 |       52



thomas=# SELECT * FROM matches_first
thomas-# \g
 id | whichgame | dealershand | whichplayer | thisplayershand | playerresult
----+-----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------
  1 |         0 |           0 |           1 |               1 |            1
  2 |         1 |           2 |           1 |               3 |            2
(2 rows)

thomas=# SELECT * FROM matches_second
thomas-# \g
 id | whichgame | dealershand | whichplayer | thisplayershand | playerresult
----+-----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------
  1 |         0 |           0 |           1 |               1 |            0
  2 |         1 |           2 |           1 |               3 |            2
(2 rows)

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我想把它们结合起来:

hands_combined table:
 id | whichplayer | whichhand | thiscard
----+-------------+-----------+----------
  1 |           0 |         0 |        6 --Seven of Spades
  2 |           0 |         0 |       63 --Queen of Spades
  3 |           0 |         0 |       41 --Three of Clubs
  4 |           1 |         1 |       76
  5 |           1 |         1 |       23
  6 |           0 |         2 |       51
  7 |           0 |         2 |       29
  8 |           0 |         2 |        2
  9 |           0 |         2 |       92
 10 |           0 |         2 |        6
 11 |           1 |         3 |      101
 12 |           1 |         3 |        8
 13 |           0 |         4 |       78
 14 |           0 |         4 |       38
 15 |           1 |         5 |       24
 16 |           1 |         5 |       18
 17 |           1 |         5 |       95
 18 |           1 |         5 |       40
 19 |           0 |         6 |       13
 20 |           0 |         6 |       84
 21 |           0 |         6 |       41
 22 |           1 |         7 |       29
 23 |           1 |         7 |       34
 24 |           1 |         7 |       56
 25 |           1 |         7 |       52

matches_combined table:
 id | whichgame | dealershand | whichplayer | thisplayershand | playerresult
----+-----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------
  1 |         0 |           0 |           1 |               1 |            1
  2 |         1 |           2 |           1 |               3 |            2
  3 |         2 |           4 |           1 |               5 |            0
  4 |         3 |           6 |           1 |               7 |            2

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"thiscard"的每个值代表[1..104]范围内的扑克牌 - 52张扑克牌,其中一个额外的位代表它是面朝上还是面朝下.出于空间原因,我没有发布实际的表格.因此,玩家0(又名经销商)在第一场比赛中有一手(黑桃七,太空女王,俱乐部中的三个).

Answer 1

Zig*_*ter 4

我认为您没有按照预期的方式使用 PostgreSQL，而且您的表设计可能不适合您想要实现的目标。虽然很难理解您希望您的解决方案实现什么，但我写了这篇文章，它似乎仅使用少量表以及返回记录集以模拟您对单独运行的需求的函数来解决您想要的所有问题。我使用枚举和复杂类型来说明您可能希望利用 PostgreSQL 的一些功能。

另外，我不确定参数化表名称是什么（我从未在任何 RDBMS 中见过类似的名称），但 PostgreSQL 确实允许一些完全合适的东西：记录集返回函数。

CREATE TYPE card_value AS ENUM ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K');
CREATE TYPE card_suit AS ENUM ('Clubs', 'Diamonds', 'Hearts', 'Spades');
CREATE TYPE card AS (value card_value, suit card_suit, face_up bool);

CREATE TABLE runs (
  run_id bigserial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  run_date timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
  );

CREATE TABLE players (
  run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs,
  player_no int NOT NULL, -- 0 can be assumed as always the dealer
  ai_type text NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (run_id, player_no)
  );

CREATE TABLE matches (
  run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs,
  match_no int NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (run_id, match_no)
  );

CREATE TABLE hands (
  hand_id bigserial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  run_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES runs,
  match_no int NOT NULL,
  hand_no int NOT NULL,
  player_no int NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE (run_id, match_no, hand_no),
  FOREIGN KEY (run_id, match_no) REFERENCES matches,
  FOREIGN KEY (run_id, player_no) REFERENCES players
  );

CREATE TABLE deals (
  deal_id bigserial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  hand_id bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES hands,
  card card NOT NULL
  );

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION players(int) RETURNS SETOF players AS $$
  SELECT * FROM players WHERE run_id = $1 ORDER BY player_no;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION matches(int) RETURNS SETOF matches AS $$
  SELECT * FROM matches WHERE run_id = $1 ORDER BY match_no;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hands(int) RETURNS SETOF hands AS $$
  SELECT * FROM hands WHERE run_id = $1 ORDER BY match_no, hand_no;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hands(int, int) RETURNS SETOF hands AS $$
  SELECT * FROM hands WHERE run_id = $1 AND match_no = $2 ORDER BY hand_no;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION winner_player (int, int) RETURNS int AS $$
  SELECT player_no
  FROM hands
  WHERE run_id = $1 AND match_no = $2
  ORDER BY hand_no DESC
  LIMIT 1
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION next_player_no (int) RETURNS int AS $$
  SELECT CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM runs WHERE run_id = $1) THEN
         COALESCE((SELECT MAX(player_no) FROM players WHERE run_id = $1), 0) + 1 END
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION next_match_no (int) RETURNS int AS $$
  SELECT CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM runs WHERE run_id = $1) THEN
         COALESCE((SELECT MAX(match_no) FROM matches WHERE run_id = $1), 0) + 1 END
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION next_hand_no (int) RETURNS int AS $$
  SELECT CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM runs WHERE run_id = $1) THEN
         COALESCE((SELECT MAX(hand_no) + 1 FROM hands WHERE run_id = $1), 0) END
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION card_to_int (card) RETURNS int AS $$
  SELECT ((SELECT enumsortorder::int-1 FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'card_suit'::regtype AND enumlabel = ($1).suit::name) * 13 +
          (SELECT enumsortorder::int-1 FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'card_value'::regtype AND enumlabel = ($1).value::name) + 1) *
         CASE WHEN ($1).face_up THEN 2 ELSE 1 END
$$ LANGUAGE SQL; -- SELECT card_to_int(('3', 'Spades', false))

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION int_to_card (int) RETURNS card AS $$
  SELECT ((SELECT enumlabel::card_value FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'card_value'::regtype AND enumsortorder = ((($1-1)%13)+1)::real),
          (SELECT enumlabel::card_suit  FROM pg_enum WHERE enumtypid = 'card_suit'::regtype  AND enumsortorder = (((($1-1)/13)::int%4)+1)::real),
          $1 > (13*4))::card
$$ LANGUAGE SQL; -- SELECT i, int_to_card(i) FROM generate_series(1, 13*4*2) i

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION deal_cards(int, int, int, int[]) RETURNS TABLE (player_no int, hand_no int, card card) AS $$
  WITH
    hand AS (
      INSERT INTO hands (run_id, match_no, player_no, hand_no)
      VALUES ($1, $2, $3, next_hand_no($1))
      RETURNING hand_id, player_no, hand_no),
    mydeals AS (
      INSERT INTO deals (hand_id, card)
      SELECT hand_id, int_to_card(card_id)::card AS card
      FROM hand, UNNEST($4) card_id
      RETURNING hand_id, deal_id, card
      )
    SELECT h.player_no, h.hand_no, d.card
    FROM hand h, mydeals d
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION deals(int) RETURNS TABLE (deal_id bigint, hand_no int, player_no int, card int) AS $$
  SELECT d.deal_id, h.hand_no, h.player_no, card_to_int(d.card)
  FROM hands h
  JOIN deals d ON (d.hand_id = h.hand_id)
  WHERE h.run_id = $1
  ORDER BY d.deal_id;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

INSERT INTO runs DEFAULT VALUES; -- Add first run
INSERT INTO players VALUES (1, 0, 'Dealer'); -- dealer always zero
INSERT INTO players VALUES (1, next_player_no(1), 'Player 1');

INSERT INTO matches VALUES (1, next_match_no(1)); -- First match
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 1, 0, ARRAY[6, 63, 41]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 1, 1, ARRAY[76, 23]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 1, 0, ARRAY[51, 29, 2, 92, 6]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 1, 1, ARRAY[101, 8]);

INSERT INTO matches VALUES (1, next_match_no(1)); -- Second match
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 2, 0, ARRAY[78, 38]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 2, 1, ARRAY[24, 18, 95, 40]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 2, 0, ARRAY[13, 84, 41]);
SELECT * FROM deal_cards(1, 2, 1, ARRAY[29, 34, 56, 52]);

SELECT * FROM deals(1); -- This is the output you need (hands_combined table)

-- This view can be used to retrieve the list of all winning hands
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW winning_hands AS
  SELECT DISTINCT ON (run_id, match_no) *
  FROM hands
  ORDER BY run_id, match_no, hand_no DESC;

SELECT * FROM winning_hands;

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