模板专业化:非内联函数定义问题

bdh*_*har 2 c++ templates template-specialization

以下代码正确编译.

#include <string>

template <typename T, typename U>
class Container
{
private:
    T value1;
    U value2;
public:
    Container(){}
    void doSomething(T val1, U val2);
};

template<typename T, typename U>
void Container<typename T, typename U>::doSomething(T val1, U val2)
{
    ; // Some implementation
}

template <>
class Container<char, std::string>
{
private:
    char value1;
    std::string value2;
public:
    Container(){}
    void doSomething(char val1, std::string val2)
    {
        ; // Some other implementation
    }
};
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但如果我尝试在void doSomething(char val1, std::string val2)外面定义,我会收到以下错误.

#include <string>

template <typename T, typename U>
class Container
{
private:
    T value1;
    U value2;
public:
    Container(){}
    void doSomething(T val1, U val2);
};

template<typename T, typename U>
void Container<typename T, typename U>::doSomething(T val1, U val2)
{
    ; // Some implementation
}

template <>
class Container<char, std::string>
{
private:
    char value1;
    std::string value2;
public:
    Container(){}
    void doSomething(char val1, std::string val2);
};

template<>
void Container<char,std::string>::doSomething(char val1, std::string val2)
{
    ; // Some other implementation
}
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错误:

错误1错误C2910:'Container :: doSomething':无法显式专门化c:\ users\bharani\documents\visual studio 2005\projects\templates\template specialization\templatespecializationtest.cpp 35

我犯了什么错误?

谢谢.

Joh*_*itb 6

您没有明确专门化成员函数.但是您正在定义显式(类模板)特化的成员函数.那是不同的,你需要定义它

inline void Container<char,std::string>::doSomething(char val1, std::string val2)
{
    ; // Some other implementation
}
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请注意,"内联"很重要,因为它不是模板,如果它是在类外部定义的,则它不是隐式内联的.如果将标头包含在多个转换单元中,则需要内联以避免重复的链接器符号.

你有明确的专业化模板,你的语法必须使用:

template <>
class Container<char, std::string>
{
private:
    char value1;
    std::string value2;
public:
    Container(){}

    template<typename T, typename U>
    void doSomething(T val1, U val2) { /* primary definition */ }
};

template<>
inline void Container<char,std::string>::doSomething(char val1, std::string val2)
{
    ; // Some other implementation
}
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您的第一个代码中也有错误.您需要像这样定义类外定义,而不在类模板的参数列表中使用"typename"

template<typename T, typename U>
void Container<T, U>::doSomething(T val1, U val2) 
{
    ; // Some implementation
}
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