尽管Andrew的建议zfs send是使用差异快照的正确方法,但是如果您只想查看差异并在自己的脚本中或在没有ZFS支持的其他平台上使用差异快照,则还有zfs diff:
zfs diff [-FHt] snapshot snapshot|filesystem
Display the difference between a snapshot of a given filesystem
and another snapshot of that filesystem from a later time or
the current contents of the filesystem. The first column is a
character indicating the type of change, the other columns
indicate pathname, new pathname (in case of rename), change in
link count, and optionally file type and/or change time.
The types of change are:
- The path has been removed
+ The path has been created
M The path has been modified
R The path has been renamed
-F
Display an indication of the type of file, in a manner
similar to the -F option of ls(1).
B Block device
C Character device
/ Directory
> Door
| Named pipe
@ Symbolic link
P Event port
= Socket
F Regular file
-H
Give more parsable tab-separated output, without header
lines and without arrows.
-t
Display the path's inode change time as the first column of
output.
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请注意,两个数据集的顺序必须是时间顺序的。您可以解析结果列表,并且仅使用您感兴趣的那些文件名。
手册页中的示例输出:
# zfs diff -F tank/test@before tank/test
M / /tank/test/
M F /tank/test/linked (+1)
R F /tank/test/oldname -> /tank/test/newname
- F /tank/test/deleted
+ F /tank/test/created
M F /tank/test/modified
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另外,如果您使用Oracle Solaris 11.3,则还可以-r切换递归方式比较所有子数据集。
无法通过“正常”文件访问直接访问差异数据,并且即使您可以获得数据,也无法应用从其中获得的数据。如果只有一两个块发生变化,你怎么能只读取文件中的差异呢?如果您只能读取差异,您怎么知道如何将更改的数据应用到更改的文件?如果您想加快差异备份的速度,那么这种“补丁”式的更新可能会非常慢。
简单的“正常”文件访问不提供执行仅差异备份所需的信息。
要对 ZFS 进行差异备份,请使用增量zfs send ...命令:
zfs send -i pool@snap1 pool@snap2 ...
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这就是它的目的,而且确实没有办法做得更快,因为 ZFS 文件系统是从头开始设计的,旨在了解差异。