在C#中反序列化过程中创建指向父对象的指针

Question

我有一个类:

[Serializable]
public class child {
     public Parent parent;
}

[Serializable]
public class Parent {
  public List<child> children;
}

当我反序列化Parent时,我希望每个孩子都有一个对它的父级的引用.问题是,在反序列化过程中我可以设置孩子的"父"指针吗？我似乎无法为子项使用自定义构造函数,因为反序列化始终使用默认构造函数.如果我实现了ISerializable,那么似乎在创建父级时已经创建了子对象.还有另一种方法来实现这一目标吗？

Answer 1

循环引用的处理方式不同BinaryFormatter,XmlSerializer和DataContractSerializer.

该BinaryFormatter默认支持循环引用,不需要工作:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

[Serializable]
public class Child
{
    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    public Parent parent;
}

[Serializable]
public class Parent
{
    public Guid Id;

    public List<Child> Children;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Child c1 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };
        Child c2 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };

        Parent p = new Parent { Id = Guid.NewGuid(), Children = new List<Child> { c1, c2 } };

        c1.parent = p;
        c2.parent = p;

        using (var stream1 = new MemoryStream())
        {
            BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            formatter.Serialize(stream1, p);
            stream1.Position = 0;

            var deserializedParent = formatter.Deserialize(stream1) as Parent;
            foreach (var child in deserializedParent.Children)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Child Id: {0}, Parent Id: {1}", child.Id, child.parent.Id);
            }
        }

        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

使用时XmlSerializer,通过不序列化子对父对象的引用来避免循环引用,并确保在反序列化过程中修复关系.这是通过实现IXmlSerializable接口和处理序列化和反序列化来完成的.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace XmlSerialization
{

    [Serializable]
    public class Child
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }

        [XmlIgnore] // Don't serialize the reference to the parent
        public Parent parent;
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class Parent : IXmlSerializable
    {
        public List<Child> Children;

        public Guid Id;

        public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema()
        {
            return null;
        }

        public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
        {
            XElement xml = XElement.ReadFrom(reader) as XElement;
            if (xml != null)
            {
                // Deserialize Children
                Children = 
                    xml.Descendants("Child")
                       .Select(x => new Child() { Id = Guid.Parse(x.Element("Id").Value), parent = this })
                       .ToList();

                // Deserialize Id
                Id = Guid.Parse(xml.Attribute("Id").Value); 
            }
        }

        public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer)
        {
            // Serialize Id
            writer.WriteAttributeString("Id", Id.ToString());

            // Serialize Children
            XmlSerializer childSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Child));
            foreach (Child child in Children)
            {
                childSerializer.Serialize(writer, child);
            }
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Child c1 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };
            Child c2 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };

            Parent p = new Parent { Id = Guid.NewGuid(), Children = new List<Child> { c1, c2 } };

            c1.parent = p;
            c2.parent = p;

            using (var stream1 = new MemoryStream())
            {
                XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Parent), new Type[] { typeof(Child) }) ;
                formatter.Serialize(stream1, p);
                stream1.Position = 0;

                stream1.Position = 0;

                var deserializedParent = formatter.Deserialize(stream1) as Parent;
                foreach (var child in deserializedParent.Children)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Child Id: {0}, Parent Id: {1}", child.Id,  child.parent.Id ));
                }
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

    }
}

使用时DataContractSerializer,使用属性的IsReference属性DataContract在序列化和反序列化DataContracts时启用引用跟踪.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

[DataContract(IsReference = true)]
public class Child
{
    [DataMember]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    [DataMember]
    public Parent parent;
}

[DataContract(IsReference = true)]
public class Parent
{
    [DataMember]
    public Guid Id;

    [DataMember]
    public List<Child> Children;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Child c1 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };
        Child c2 = new Child { Id = Guid.NewGuid() };

        Parent p = new Parent { Id = Guid.NewGuid(), Children = new List<Child> { c1, c2 } };

        c1.parent = p;
        c2.parent = p;

        using (var stream1 = new MemoryStream())
        {
            DataContractSerializer formatter = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Parent));
            formatter.WriteObject(stream1, p);
            stream1.Position = 0;

            var deserializedParent = formatter.ReadObject(stream1) as Parent;
            foreach (var child in deserializedParent.Children)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Child Id: {0}, Parent Id: {1}", child.Id, child.parent.Id);
            }
        }

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

}

Answer 2

如果您不理会它并让 Parent 成为 Child 类的公共读/写属性，.NET 自动序列化过程将正确处理它。