在OS X El Capitan我无法升级python包依赖于六个兼容性实用程序NOR我可以删除六个

Question

我试图使用刮,但我有一个问题.

从six.moves导入xmlrpc_client作为xmlrpclib

ImportError:无法导入名称xmlrpc_client

然后,我尝试了pip install --upgrade six scrape,但是:

  Found existing installation: six 1.4.1
    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 211, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 311, in run
root=options.root_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 640, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 716, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 125, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 315, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)

OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/var/folders/3h/r_2cxlvd1sjgzfgs4xckc__c0000gn/T/pip-5h86J8-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

Answer 1

快速解决:

我只是绕过了我认为同样的问题.您可以考虑尝试这个(sudo,如果有必要):

pip install scrape --upgrade --ignore-installed six

Github最终得到了这个答案(如果这个问题没有解决你的问题,你可以考虑更多的建议).这似乎也是El Capitan问题.

此外,这在技术上可能是重复的.但另一篇文章提出的答案是安装自己的Python而不是依赖于默认的osx Python,这让我更加费力.

更长,真正的修复:

最终我遇到了一个实际需要升级的情况six,以便安装其他一些库,此时忽略是不够的.为我升级六个最简单的方法是不使用pip,而是手动.tar.gz从六页下载,解压缩,移动到新解压缩的六个包目录,然后手动运行安装(sudo,如果需要):

python setup.py install

感谢这个指导的答案.

Answer 2

我不认为这是重复的,但实际上这个问题在pip GitHub存储库问题列表中讨论过.

注意: 根据您要安装的软件包,您可能需要修改解决方案中引用的命令.在我的情况下,我试图设置virtualenv和virtualwrapper.如果您未能安装aws-cli或任何其他软件包,只需将其插入脚本即可

问题的核心与他们随El Capitan一起提供的Apple新SIP相关联.更具体地说,

OS X 10.11的python保留了自己的六个副本,这是不可删除的,因为Apple对他们的python发行版进行了修改.1.4.1不是最新的,1.10.0是.它也早在他们的python的导入路径上,所以它通常会覆盖你安装的更高版本.

我建议现在使用不同的python.Python.org,或通过Homebrew或Anaconda Python安装.

有一个在向不同的堆栈交流极为细致的讨论,讨论了如何与SIP的问题已经确定,解决,因为埃尔卡皮坦原始版本的演变.虽然我发现它很吸引人,但是按照下面的说明你花费的时间少于你阅读它的时间,所以我建议你在完成以下操作后检查它...

尝试升级VirtualEnv和VirtualEnvWrapper时遇到了完全相同的错误.在上面的线程中有几个建议,但最终最稳定的是

1. 利用对sudo OPTION的内置支持来指定HOME环境变量

$ man sudo

  -H   The -H (HOME) option option sets the HOME environment variable 
        to the home directory of the target user (root by default) as specified 
        HOME environment variable depends on sudoers(5) settings.  By default, 
        sudo will set HOME if env_reset or always_set_home are set, or if
        set_home is set and the -s option is specified on the command line.

2. 利用pip的选项强制升级并忽略任何预先存在的包

$ pip install --help | grep upgrade

  -U, --upgrade   Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available 
        version. This process is recursive regardless of whether a dependency 
        is already satisfied.

beejhuff@ignatius:~/mac_setup$ pip install --help | grep ignore-installed

  -I, --ignore-installed  Ignore the installed packages (reinstalling instead).

首先,我原来的尝试和错误:

$ sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

The directory '/Users/beejhuff/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory 
is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. 
Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing 
pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

The directory '/Users/beejhuff/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory 
is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. 
check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with 
sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

Collecting virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB)
    100% |????????????????????????????????| 1.8MB 335kB/s 
Collecting virtualenvwrapper
  Downloading virtualenvwrapper-4.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting virtualenv-clone (from virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading virtualenv-clone-0.2.6.tar.gz
Collecting stevedore (from virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading stevedore-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pbr>=1.6 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading pbr-1.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (89kB)
    100% |????????????????????????????????| 92kB 362kB/s 
Collecting six>=1.9.0 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, virtualenv-clone, pbr, six, stevedore, virtualenvwrapper
  Running setup.py install for virtualenv-clone ... done
  Found existing installation: six 1.4.1
    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
    Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 726, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 746, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
    copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
    copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-GQL8Gi-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

解决方案

它需要以三种具体方式修改我的安装命令:

1. 我不得不添加-H标志sudo
2. 我必须--upgrade在我正在升级的包的名称之后添加选项(virtualenv)
3. 我不得不使用--ignore-installed标志并指定six包是被忽略的包.
4. *注意:一般命令是$ sudo -H pip install <packagename> --upgrade --ignore-installed six- 替换<packagename>您需要安装的特定包

最后的工作实例

第一次升级virtualenv

$ sudo -H pip install virtualenv --upgrade --ignore-installed six

Password:

Collecting virtualenv
  Using cached virtualenv-15.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting six
  Using cached six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, six
Successfully installed six-1.4.1 virtualenv-15.0.0

第二次升级virtualenvwrapper

$ sudo -H pip install virtualenvwrapper --upgrade --ignore-installed six

Password:

  Downloading virtualenvwrapper-4.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting six
  Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting virtualenv (from virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB)
    100% |????????????????????????????????| 1.8MB 751kB/s 
Collecting virtualenv-clone (from virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading virtualenv-clone-0.2.6.tar.gz
Collecting stevedore (from virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading stevedore-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pbr>=1.6 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
  Downloading pbr-1.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (89kB)
    100% |????????????????????????????????| 92kB 417kB/s 
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, virtualenv-clone, pbr, six, stevedore, virtualenvwrapper
  Running setup.py install for virtualenv-clone ... done
Successfully installed pbr-1.8.1 six-1.4.1 stevedore-1.12.0 virtualenv-15.0.0 virtualenv-clone-0.2.6 virtualenvwrapper-4.7.1