在某些命令如":w!"之后,在Vim的命令行中使用感叹号('!')有什么用？

Question

基本上,我想知道的区别::w和:w!或:wq和:wq!

Answer 1

的!限定符告诉Vim强制操作.例如,如果文件是只读的,您将使用:w!无论如何写它.如果文件已被修改并且您想要在不保存的情况下退出,则可以使用:q!.:WQ!只是意味着在一个命令中强制写入和退出.

Answer 2

感叹号通常意味着强制采取一些行动.

散文标记的另一种用法:!后跟一些命令直接从编辑器执行此命令.

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Answer 3

除了感叹号强制事物(如写入)的情况之外,它还会将命令转换为切换命令.所以,如果我这样做:

:set cursorline

我的光标所在的行将突出显示.我可以用以下方式关闭它:

:set nocursorline

或者我可以这样做:

:set cursorline!

该命令在两个设置之间翻转,关闭和打开.

我经常关闭和打开光标线高亮显示,并且toggle命令允许我使用简单的功能键映射.没有切换,我需要两个映射:一个打开它,另一个打开它.或者我必须编写一个函数来确定光标线设置是打开还是关闭,然后打开相反的设置.

据我所知,这适用于所有具有开启和关闭设置的命令行设置,如hlsearch,paste,cursorcolumn,number,insearch等.

另请注意,感叹号将切换命令的无版本.例如,您还可以使用以下方法切换光标线设置:

:set nocursorline!

Answer 4

这实际上取决于所考虑的命令.关于你所列举的那些,它强制命令,因为其他人已经回答你.

不过,也有像其他命令:global,:map,:make,:silent,...,那里的爆炸(!)还有其他的作用.阅读他们的文件:

:help help

(我们可以在我们定义的命令中给出我们想要的任何意义)

Answer 5

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例子	意义
:wq! :q!	无论如何都要做！
:autocmd! {group} {event} {pat} cmd	覆盖特定的自动命令 ( :help autocmd-remove*)
:function!	覆盖现有的
:com[mand][!] [{attr}...] {cmd} {repl}	覆盖现有的
:set number!	（用 1\xef\xbc\x8c 或 1 \xe2\x86\x92 0 覆盖 0）切换选项
:!ls	外壳命令

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:com[mand][!] [{attr}...] {cmd} {repl}\n                        Define a user command.  The name of the command is\n                        {cmd} and its replacement text is {repl}.  The\n                        command\'s attributes (see below) are {attr}.  If the\n                        command already exists, an error is reported, unless a\n                        ! is specified, in which case the command is\n\n

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Command attributes\n\nUser-defined commands are treated by Vim just like any other Ex commands.  They\ncan have arguments, or have a range specified.  Arguments are subject to\ncompletion as filenames, buffers, etc.  Exactly how this works depends upon the\ncommand\'s attributes, which are specified when the command is defined.\n\nThere are a number of attributes, split into four categories: argument\nhandling, completion behavior, range handling, and special cases.  The\nattributes are described below, by category.\n

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Special cases\n                                        :command-bang :command-bar\n                                        :command-register :command-buffer\n                                        :command-keepscript\nThere are some special cases as well:\n\n        -bang       The command can take a ! modifier (like :q or :w)\n        -bar        The command can be followed by a "|" and another command.\n                    A "|" inside the command argument is not allowed then.\n                    Also checks for a " to start a comment.\n

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壳

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例子	意义
#！/bin/sh	杀帮
!!	最后的历史
!2	倒数第二个历史

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ipython 和 ptipython

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例子	意义
:!ls	外壳命令

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