多个浏览器和页面对象模式

Question

我们使用Page Object模式来组织我们的内部AngularJS应用程序测试.

这是我们拥有的示例页面对象:

var LoginPage = function () {
    this.username = element(by.id("username"));
    this.password = element(by.id("password"));

    this.loginButton = element(by.id("submit"));
}

module.exports = LoginPage;

在单浏览器测试中,很清楚如何使用它:

var LoginPage = require("./../po/login.po.js");

describe("Login functionality", function () {
    var scope = {};

    beforeEach(function () {
        browser.get("/#login");

        scope.page = new LoginPage();
    });

    it("should successfully log in a user", function () {
        scope.page.username.clear();
        scope.page.username.sendKeys(login);
        scope.page.password.sendKeys(password);
        scope.page.loginButton.click();

        // assert we are logged in
    });
});

但是,当涉及多个浏览器实例化的测试并且需要在单个测试中在它们之间切换时,如何在多个浏览器中使用相同的页面对象变得不清楚:

describe("Login functionality", function () {
    var scope = {};

    beforeEach(function () {
        browser.get("/#login");

        scope.page = new LoginPage();
    });

    it("should warn there is an opened session", function () {
        scope.page.username.clear();
        scope.page.username.sendKeys(login);
        scope.page.password.sendKeys(password);
        scope.page.loginButton.click();

        // assert we are logged in

        // fire up a different browser and log in
        var browser2 = browser.forkNewDriverInstance();

        // the problem is here - scope.page.username.clear() would be applied to the main "browser"
    });
});

问题:

在我们分叉了一个新浏览器之后,我们如何使用相同的Page Object字段和函数,但是应用于新实例化的浏览器(browser2在这种情况下)？

换句话说,element()这里的所有调用都将应用于browser,但需要应用于browser2.我们如何切换上下文？

---

思考:

• 这里可能采取的一种方法是在处理环境的同时暂时重新定义全球element = browser2.elementbrowser2.这种方法的问题在于我们还在browser.wait()页面对象函数内部进行了调用.这意味着browser = browser2还应该设置.在这种情况下,我们需要记住browser临时变量中的全局对象,并在切换回主browser上下文后恢复它.

• 另一种可能的方法是将浏览器实例传递给页面对象,例如:

  var LoginPage = function (browserInstance) {
      browser = browserInstance ? browserInstance : browser;
      var element = browser.element;
  
      // ...
  }
  

  但这可能需要更改我们拥有的每个页面对象..

_{希望问题很清楚 - 如果需要澄清,请告诉我.}

Answer 1

也许你可以编写一些函数来使浏览器注册/启动/切换更顺畅.(基本上这是你的第一选择,有一些支持.)

例如:

var browserRegistry = [];

function openNewBrowser(){
  if(typeof browserRegistry[0] == 'undefined'){
    browseRegistry[0] = {
      browser: browser,
      element: element,
      $: $,
      $$: $$,
      ... whatever else you need.
    }
  }
  var tmp = browser.forkNewDriverInstance();
  var id = browserRegistry.length;
  browseRegistry[id] = {
      browser: tmp,
      element: tmp.element,
      $: tmp.$,
      $$: tmp.$$,
      ... whatever else you need.
  }
  switchToBrowserContext(id);
  return id;
}
function switchToBrowserContext(id){
  browser=browseRegistry[id].browser;
  element=browseRegistry[id].element;
  $=browseRegistry[id].$;
  $$=browseRegistry[id].$$;
}

你在你的例子中以这种方式使用它:

describe("Login functionality", function () {
    var scope = {};

    beforeEach(function () {
        browser.get("/#login");
        scope.page1 = new LoginPage();
        openNewBrowser();
        browser.get("/#login");
        scope.page2 = new LoginPage();
    });

    it("should warn there is an opened session", function () {
        scope.page1.username.clear();
        scope.page1.username.sendKeys(login);
        scope.page1.password.sendKeys(password);
        scope.page1.loginButton.click();

        scope.page2.username.clear();
        scope.page2.username.sendKeys(login);
        scope.page2.password.sendKeys(password);
        scope.page2.loginButton.click();    
    });
}); 

因此,您可以保留页面对象.

说实话,我认为你的第二种方法更清晰......使用全局变量可以稍后再说.但如果您不想更改您的PO,这也可以.

(我没有测试它...对于可能的拼写错误/错误.)(例如,您可以将支持函数放置到量角器conf的onprepare部分.)

Answer 2

看看我的解决方案。我简化了示例，但我们在当前项目中使用了这种方法。我的应用程序具有两种用户权限类型的页面，并且我需要在两种浏览器中同时执行一些复杂的操作。我希望这可以向您展示一些新的、更好的方法！

"use strict";

//In config, you should declare global browser roles. I only have 2 roles - so i make 2 global instances
//Somewhere in onPrepare() function
global.admin = browser;
admin.admin = true;

global.guest = browser.forkNewDriverInstance();
guest.guest = true;

//Notice that default browser will be 'admin' example:
// let someElement = $('someElement'); // this will be tried to be found in admin browser.



class BasePage {
    //Other shared logic also can be added here.
    constructor (browser = admin) {
        //Simplified example
        this._browser = browser
    }
}

class HomePage extends BasePage {
    //You will not directly create this object. Instead you should use .getPageFor(browser)
    constructor(browser) {
        super(browser);

        this.rightToolbar = ToolbarFragment.getFragmentFor(this._browser);
        this.chat = ChatFragment.getFragmentFor(this._browser);
        this.someOtherNiceButton = this._browser.$('button.menu');
    }

    //This function relies on params that we have patched for browser instances in onPrepare();
    static getPageFor(browser) {
        if (browser.guest) return new GuestHomePage(browser);
        else if (browser.admin) return new AdminHomePage(browser);
    }

    openProfileMenu() {
        let menu = ProfileMenuFragment.getFragmentFor(this._browser);
        this.someOtherNiceButton.click();

        return menu;
    }
}


class GuestHomePage extends RoomPage {
    constructor(browser) {
        super(browser);
    }

    //Some feature that is only available for guest
    login() {
        // will be 'guest' browser in this case.
        this._browser.$('input.login').sendKeys('sdkfj'); //blabla
        this._browser.$('input.pass').sendKeys('2345'); //blabla
        this._browser.$('button.login').click();
    }
}


class AdminHomePage extends RoomPage {
    constructor(browser) {
        super(browser);
    }

    acceptGuest() {
        let acceptGuestButton = this._browser.$('.request-admission .control-btn.admit-user');
        this._browser.wait(EC.elementToBeClickable(acceptGuestButton), 10000,
                'Admin should be able to see and click accept guest button. ' +
                'Make sure that guest is currently trying to connect to the page');

        acceptGuestButton.click();
        //Calling browser directly since we need to do complex action. Just example.
        guest.wait(EC.visibilityOf(guest.$('.central-content')), 10000, 'Guest should be dropped to the page');
    }

}

//Then in your tests
let guestHomePage = HomePage.getPageFor(guest);
guestHomePage.login();
let adminHomePage = HomePage.getPageFor(admin);
adminHomePage.acceptGuest();
adminHomePage.openProfileMenu();
guestHomePage.openProfileMenu();