如何通过继承在python中对请求进行子类化

Jef*_*opo 3 python oop inheritance specialization python-requests

我想专门化/子类化请求包,以添加一些具有自定义功能的方法。

我试图这样做:

# concrete_requests.py
import requests

class concreteRequests(requests):
    def __init__(self):
        super(concreteRequests, self).__init__() 
        self.session()

    def login(self):
        payload = {'user': 'foo', 'pass': 'bar'}
        self.get('loginUrl', headers=header, data=payload)
        # more login stuff...

# my_class.py
class MyClass:
    def __init__():
        self.requests = concreteRequests()
        self.requests.login()
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这样,我仍然可以从self.requests成员和我的具体实现中受益。所以,我可以这样做:self.requests.get(...)print(self.requests.post(...).status_code)等等。

我想这行super(concreteRequests, self).__init__()可能是愚蠢的无用,因为请求只是在导入中没有任何类声明。

因此,可以通过继承对请求包进行子类化/专门化吗?

ran*_*lan 5

requests是python模块而不是类。您只能继承类。

因此,基本上,您应该只在自己的自定义类中利用其方法/功能。

import requests

class MyRequests:
    def __init__(self, username, passwd):
        self.username = username
        self.passwd = passwd

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # do your thing
        resp = requests.get(...)
        # do more processing
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我在上面写的只是一个让您前进的例子。


ano*_*n01 5

一个好方法是Session从请求中子类化对象。一个基本的例子:

from requests import Session

class MyClient(Session):
    """Specialized client that inherits the requests api."""
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_google(self):
        return self.get("http://google.com")
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MyClient包括免费的 Session ( request) api,以及您想要添加的任何其他内容。

一个真实的示例:假设客户端需要在运行时指定的身份验证标头(在这种情况下,身份验证需要当前时间戳)。下面是一个示例客户端,它通过子类化Session和子类化AuthBase来实现这一点(此代码需要为 api_key、secret_key、passphrase 设置值):

import json, hmac, hashlib, time, requests, base64
from requests.auth import AuthBase
from requests import Session

class MyClient(Session):
    """Client with specialized auth required by api."""
    def __init__(self, api_key, secret_key, passphrase, *args, **kwargs):
        # allow passing args to `Session.__init__`
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # `self.auth` callable that creates timestamp when request is made
        self.auth = MyAuth(api_key, secret_key, passphrase)


class MyAuth(AuthBase):
    """Auth includes current timestamp when called.
       https://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#custom-authentication    
    """

    def __init__(self, api_key, secret_key, passphrase):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.secret_key = secret_key
        self.passphrase = passphrase

    def __call__(self, request):

        timestamp = str(time.time())
        message = timestamp + request.method + request.path_url + (request.body or "")
        message = message.encode("utf-8")
        hmac_key = base64.b64decode(self.secret_key)
        signature = hmac.new(hmac_key, message, hashlib.sha256)
        signature_b64 = base64.b64encode(signature.digest())
        request.headers.update(
            {
                "ACCESS-SIGN": signature_b64,
                "ACCESS-TIMESTAMP": timestamp,
                "ACCESS-KEY": self.api_key,
                "ACCESS-PASSPHRASE": self.passphrase,
                "Content-Type": "application/json",
            }
        )
        return request
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