SQL Server 2005中的死锁!两个实时批量upsert正在战斗.为什么？

Question

这是场景:

我有一个名为MarketDataCurrent(MDC)的表,它有实时更新的股票价格.

我有一个名为'LiveFeed'的进程,它读取从线路流出的价格,排队插入,并使用'批量上传到临时表然后插入/更新到MDC表'.(BulkUpsert)

我有另一个进程,然后读取此数据,计算其他数据,然后使用类似的BulkUpsert存储过程将结果保存回同一个表中.

第三,有许多用户运行C#Gui轮询MDC表并从中读取更新.

现在,在数据快速变化的那一天,事情运行得非常顺利,但是在市场营业时间之后,我们最近开始看到数据库中出现越来越多的死锁异常,现在我们每天看到10-20个.这里要注意的重要一点是,当值不变时会发生这些.

以下是所有相关信息:

表格定义:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[MarketDataCurrent](
 [MDID] [int] NOT NULL,
 [LastUpdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 [Value] [float] NOT NULL,
 [Source] [varchar](20) NULL, 
CONSTRAINT [PK_MarketDataCurrent] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
 [MDID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

-

我有一个Sql Profiler跟踪运行,捕获死锁,这就是所有图形的样子.

过程258被重复地称为以下'BulkUpsert'存储过程,而73正在调用下一个:

ALTER proc [dbo].[MarketDataCurrent_BulkUpload]
 @updateTime datetime,
 @source varchar(10)
as

begin transaction

update c with (rowlock) set LastUpdate = getdate(), Value = t.Value, Source = @source 
from MarketDataCurrent c INNER JOIN #MDTUP t ON c.MDID = t.mdid
where c.lastUpdate < @updateTime
and   c.mdid not in (select mdid from MarketData where LiveFeedTicker is not null     and     PriceSource like 'LiveFeed.%')
and   c.value <> t.value

insert  into MarketDataCurrent
with (rowlock)
select  MDID, getdate(), Value, @source from #MDTUP 
where mdid not in (select mdid from MarketDataCurrent with (nolock))
and  mdid not in (select mdid from MarketData where LiveFeedTicker is not null     and PriceSource like 'LiveFeed.%')

commit

而另一个:

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[MarketDataCurrent_LiveFeedUpload] 
AS
begin transaction

 -- Update existing mdid
 UPDATE c WITH (ROWLOCK) SET LastUpdate = t.LastUpdate, Value = t.Value, Source = t.Source 
 FROM MarketDataCurrent c INNER JOIN #TEMPTABLE2 t ON c.MDID = t.mdid;

 -- Insert new MDID
 INSERT INTO MarketDataCurrent with (ROWLOCK) SELECT * FROM #TEMPTABLE2 
 WHERE MDID NOT IN (SELECT MDID FROM MarketDataCurrent with (NOLOCK))

 -- Clean up the temp table
 DELETE #TEMPTABLE2

commit

为了澄清,这些临时表是由同一连接上的C#代码创建的,并使用C#SqlBulkCopy类进行填充.

对我而言,它看起来像是桌面PK上的死锁,所以我尝试删除那个PK并转而使用Unique Constraint,但这会使死锁数量增加10倍.

我完全不知道如何应对这种情况,并且对任何建议持开放态度.

救命!!

---

为了响应XDL的请求,这里是:

<deadlock-list>
 <deadlock victim="processc19978">
  <process-list>
   <process id="processaf0b68" taskpriority="0" logused="0" waitresource="KEY: 6:72057594090487808 (d900ed5a6cc6)" waittime="718" ownerId="1102128174" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.750" XDES="0xffffffff817f9a40" lockMode="U" schedulerid="3" kpid="8228" status="suspended" spid="73" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" transcount="2" lastbatchstarted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.750" lastbatchcompleted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.750" clientapp=".Net SqlClient Data Provider" hostname="RISKAPPS_VM" hostpid="3836" loginname="RiskOpt" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="1102128174" currentdb="6" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671088672" clientoption2="128056">
    <executionStack>
     <frame procname="MKP_RISKDB.dbo.MarketDataCurrent_BulkUpload" line="28" stmtstart="1062" stmtend="1720" sqlhandle="0x03000600a28e5e4ef4fd8e00849d00000100000000000000">
UPDATE c WITH (ROWLOCK) SET LastUpdate = getdate(), Value = t.Value, Source = @source 
FROM MarketDataCurrent c INNER JOIN #MDTUP t ON c.MDID = t.mdid
WHERE c.lastUpdate &lt; @updateTime
and   c.mdid not in (select mdid from MarketData where BloombergTicker is not null and PriceSource like &apos;Blbg.%&apos;)
and   c.value &lt;&gt; t.value     </frame>
     <frame procname="adhoc" line="1" stmtstart="88" sqlhandle="0x01000600c1653d0598706ca7000000000000000000000000">
exec MarketDataCurrent_BulkUpload @clearBefore, @source     </frame>
     <frame procname="unknown" line="1" sqlhandle="0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000">
unknown     </frame>
    </executionStack>
    <inputbuf>
(@clearBefore datetime,@source nvarchar(10))exec MarketDataCurrent_BulkUpload @clearBefore, @source    </inputbuf>
   </process>
   <process id="processc19978" taskpriority="0" logused="0" waitresource="KEY: 6:72057594090487808 (74008e31572b)" waittime="718" ownerId="1102128228" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.780" XDES="0x380be9d8" lockMode="U" schedulerid="5" kpid="8464" status="suspended" spid="248" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" transcount="2" lastbatchstarted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.780" lastbatchcompleted="2010-06-11T16:30:44.780" clientapp=".Net SqlClient Data Provider" hostname="RISKBBG_VM" hostpid="4480" loginname="RiskOpt" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="1102128228" currentdb="6" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671088672" clientoption2="128056">
    <executionStack>
     <frame procname="MKP_RISKDB.dbo.MarketDataCurrentBlbgRtUpload" line="14" stmtstart="840" stmtend="1220" sqlhandle="0x03000600005f9d24c8878f00849d00000100000000000000">
UPDATE c WITH (ROWLOCK) SET LastUpdate = t.LastUpdate, Value = t.Value, Source = t.Source 
        FROM MarketDataCurrent c INNER JOIN #TEMPTABLE2 t ON c.MDID = t.mdid;

        -- Insert new MDID     </frame>
     <frame procname="adhoc" line="1" sqlhandle="0x010006004a58132228bf8d73000000000000000000000000">
MarketDataCurrentBlbgRtUpload     </frame>
    </executionStack>
    <inputbuf>
MarketDataCurrentBlbgRtUpload    </inputbuf>
   </process>
  </process-list>
  <resource-list>
   <keylock hobtid="72057594090487808" dbid="6" objectname="MKP_RISKDB.dbo.MarketDataCurrent" indexname="PK_MarketDataCurrent" id="lock5ba77b00" mode="U" associatedObjectId="72057594090487808">
    <owner-list>
     <owner id="processc19978" mode="U"/>
    </owner-list>
    <waiter-list>
     <waiter id="processaf0b68" mode="U" requestType="wait"/>
    </waiter-list>
   </keylock>
   <keylock hobtid="72057594090487808" dbid="6" objectname="MKP_RISKDB.dbo.MarketDataCurrent" indexname="PK_MarketDataCurrent" id="lock65dca340" mode="U" associatedObjectId="72057594090487808">
    <owner-list>
     <owner id="processaf0b68" mode="U"/>
    </owner-list>
    <waiter-list>
     <waiter id="processc19978" mode="U" requestType="wait"/>
    </waiter-list>
   </keylock>
  </resource-list>
 </deadlock>
</deadlock-list>

Answer 1

经过近两年烦人的死锁警告电子邮件之后，我终于解决了这个问题。

我通过在竞争插入上使用 FULL TABLE LOCKING 解决了这个问题。我曾尝试将锁定减少到行级别，但锁定升级到表级别。最后，我认为该表足够小，即使很多用户每秒都在读取和写入该表，但为了数据一致性，完全锁定对性能来说是一个小的影响。

此外，使用 MERGE 将插入/更新合并到一个原子语句中可以让我做到这一点。

这是已解决的生产代码（它有效！）：

declare @date datetime;
set @date = getdate();

merge marketdatacurrent with (tablockx) as mdc

using #MDTUP as upload
    on mdc.MDID = upload.MDID

when matched then
    update
    set mdc.lastupdate = @date,
        mdc.value = upload.value,
        mdc.source = @source

when not matched then
    insert ( mdid, lastupdate, value, source )
    values ( upload.mdid, @date, upload.value, @source);