拆箱到未知类型

Question

我试图弄清楚当类型本身未知时支持将整数类型(short/int/long)拆箱到其固有类型的语法.

这是一个完全人为的例子,它展示了这个概念:

 // Just a simple container that returns values as objects
 struct DataStruct
 {
  public short ShortVale;
  public int IntValue;
  public long LongValue;
  public object GetBoxedShortValue() { return ShortVale; }
  public object GetBoxedIntValue() { return IntValue; }
  public object GetBoxedLongValue() { return LongValue; }
 }

 static void Main( string[] args )
 {

  DataStruct data;

  // Initialize data - any value will do
  data.LongValue = data.IntValue = data.ShortVale = 42;

  DataStruct newData;

  // This works if you know the type you are expecting!
  newData.ShortVale = (short)data.GetBoxedShortValue();
  newData.IntValue = (int)data.GetBoxedIntValue();
  newData.LongValue = (long)data.GetBoxedLongValue();

  // But what about when you don't know?
  newData.ShortVale = data.GetBoxedShortValue(); // error
  newData.IntValue = data.GetBoxedIntValue(); // error
  newData.LongValue = data.GetBoxedLongValue(); // error
 }

在每种情况下,整数类型是一致的,因此应该有某种形式的语法说"对象包含一个简单类型的X,将其返回为X(即使我不知道X是什么)".因为对象最终来自同一个源,所以实际上不会出现不匹配(短!=长).

我为这个人为的例子道歉,这似乎是演示语法的最佳方式.

谢谢.

Answer 1

嗯，object它本身是框架所知道的最通用的类​​型。是装箱值类型（包括原始类型）还是其他类型并不重要；如果你想变得更具体，你必须进行类型转换，除非你仍然处于“松散类型”的世界object（或者，在 C# 4 中，dynamic）。

但请注意，您可以使用一系列条件来实现您想要的目的：

object boxedValue = GetBoxedValue();
if (typeof(short) == boxedValue.GetType()) {
  newData.ShortValue = (short)boxedValue;
} else if (typeof(int) == boxedValue.GetType()) {
  newData.IntValue = (int)boxedValue;
} else if (typeof(long) == boxedValue.GetType()) {
  newData.LongValue = (long)boxedValue;
} else {
  // not one of those
}

编辑：通用的“盒子”也可以做你想做的事：

public class Box<T>: IConvertible where T: struct, IConvertible {
    public static implicit operator T(Box<T> boxed) {
        return boxed.Value;
    }

    public static explicit operator Box<T>(T value) {
        return new Box<T>(value);
    }

    private readonly T value;

    public Box(T value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public T Value {
        get {
            return value;
        }
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj) {
        Box<T> boxed = obj as Box<T>;
        if (boxed != null) {
            return value.Equals(boxed.Value);
        }
        return value.Equals(obj);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() {
        return value.GetHashCode();
    }

    public override string ToString() {
        return value.ToString();
    }

    bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToBoolean(provider);
    }

    char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToChar(provider);
    }

    sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToSByte(provider);
    }

    byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToByte(provider);
    }

    short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToInt16(provider);
    }

    ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToUInt16(provider);
    }

    int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToInt32(provider);
    }

    uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToUInt32(provider);
    }

    long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToInt64(provider);
    }

    ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToUInt64(provider);
    }

    float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToSingle(provider);
    }

    double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToDouble(provider);
    }

    decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToDecimal(provider);
    }

    DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToDateTime(provider);
    }

    string IConvertible.ToString(IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToString(provider);
    }

    object IConvertible.ToType(Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider) {
        return value.ToType(conversionType, provider);
    }
}

然后可以使用它来代替object; 它仍然是一个对象引用，但它也是原始结构或原始类型的强类型。