Python zip对象在迭代后'消失'？

Question

这里总的菜鸟问题,但我真的想知道答案.

在我尝试以列表形式迭代它之后,我不知道为什么zip对象只是"消失":例如.

>>> A=[1,2,3]
>>> B=['A','B','C']
>>> Z=zip(A,B)
>>> list(Z)
>>> [('C', 3), ('B', 2), ('A', 1)]
>>> {p:q for (p,q) in Z}
{1: 'A', 2: 'B', 3: 'C'}
>>> {p:q for (p,q) in list(Z)}
{}
>>> list(Z)
[]

(这是在Python 3.4.2中)

有人可以帮忙吗？

Answer 1

Python2到Python3之间的行为发生了变化:
在python2中,zip返回一个元组列表,而在python3中它返回一个迭代器.

迭代器的本质是,一旦它完成迭代数据 - 它指向一个空集合,这就是你正在经历的行为.

Python2:

Python 2.7.9 (default, Jan 29 2015, 06:28:58)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.56)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> A=[1,2,3]
>>> B=['A','B','C']
>>> Z=zip(A,B)
>>> Z
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> list(Z)
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> list(Z)
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> list(Z)
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> {p:q for (p,q) in Z}
{1: 'A', 2: 'B', 3: 'C'}
>>> Z
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> Z
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]

Python3:

Python 3.4.2 (v3.4.2:ab2c023a9432, Oct  5 2014, 20:42:22)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> A=[1,2,3]
>>> B=['A','B','C']
>>> Z=zip(A,B)
>>> list(Z)
[(1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C')]
>>> list(Z)
[]
>>>

Answer 2

zip创建一个对象,在结果上迭代一次.这也意味着它在一次迭代后耗尽:

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [4,5,6]
>>> z = zip(a,b)
>>> list(z)
[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
>>> list(z)
[]

您需要在zip(a,b)每次使用它时调用或存储list(zip(a,b))结果并反复使用它.