我正在玩记录和列表。请问,我想知道如何使用一个变量两次。当我将任何值分配给变量 _list 后,我尝试重写该变量,然后引发错误:
** 异常错误:右侧值不匹配
-module(hello).
-author("anx00040").
-record(car, {evc, type, color}).
-record(person, {name, phone, addresa, rc}).
-record(driver, {rc, evc}).
-record(list, {cars = [], persons = [], drivers = []} ).
%% API
-export([helloIF/1, helloCase/1, helloResult/1, helloList/0, map/2, filter/2, helloListCaA/0, createCar/3, createPerson/4, createDriver/2, helloRecords/0, empty_list/0, any_data/0, del_Person/1, get_persons/1, do_it_hard/0, add_person/2]).
createCar(P_evc, P_type, P_color) -> _car = #car{evc = P_evc, type = P_type, color = P_color}, _car
.
createPerson(P_name, P_phone, P_addres, P_rc) -> _person= #person{name = P_name, phone = P_phone, addresa = P_addres, rc = P_rc}, _person
.
createDriver(P_evc, P_rc) -> _driver = #driver{rc = P_rc, evc = P_evc}, _driver
.
empty_list() ->
#list{}.
any_data() ->
_car1 = hello:createCar("BL 4", "Skoda octavia", "White"),
_person1 = hello:createPerson("Eduard B.","+421 917 111 711","Kr, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811235"),
_driver1 = hello:createDriver(_car1#car.evc, _person1#person.rc),
_car2 = hello:createCar("BL 111 HK", "BMW M1", "Red"),
_person2 = hello:createPerson("Lenka M","+421 917 111 111","Krizn0, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811167695"),
_driver2 = hello:createDriver(_car2#car.evc, _person2#person.rc),
_car3 = hello:createCar("BL 123 AB", "Audi A1 S", "Black"),
_person3 = hello:createPerson("Stela Ba.","+421 918 111 711","Azna 20, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811167695"),
_driver3 = hello:createDriver(_car3#car.evc, _person3#person.rc),
_list = #list{
cars = [_car1,_car2,_car3],
persons = [_person1, _person2, _person3],
drivers = [_driver1, _driver2, _driver3]},
_list.
add_person(List, Person) ->
List#list{persons = lists:append([Person], List#list.persons) }.
get_persons(#list{persons = P}) -> P.
do_it_hard()->
empty_list(),
_list = add_person(any_data(), #person{name = "Test",phone = "+421Test", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo", rc =88113545}),
io:fwrite("\n"),
get_persons(add_person(_list, #person{name = "Test2",phone = "+421Test2", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo2", rc =991135455}))
.
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但是当我使用变量 _list 两次时它会引发错误:
do_it_hard()->
empty_list(),
_list = add_person(any_data(), #person{name = "Test",phone = "+421Test", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo", rc =88113545}),
_list =add_person(_list, #person{name = "Test2",phone = "+421Test2", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo2", rc =991135455}),
get_persons(_list)
.
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在 REPL 中,可以方便地在重用变量名的同时进行实验。在那里,你可以f(A).让 Erlang“忘记” 的当前分配A。
1> Result = connect("goooogle.com").
{error, "server not found"}
2> % oops! I misspelled the server name
2> f(Result).
ok
3> Result = connect("google.com").
{ok, <<"contents of the page">>}
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请注意,这只是REPL 的一个便利功能。您无法在实际代码中执行此操作。
在实际代码中,变量只能赋值一次。在过程语言(C、Java、Python 等)中,重新分配的典型用例是循环:
for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
conn = connect(servers[i]);
reply = send_data(conn);
print(reply);
}
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在上面的例子中,变量i、conn、 和reply在循环的每次迭代中都被重新赋值。
函数式语言使用递归来执行循环:
send_all(Max, Servers) ->
send_loop(1, Max, Servers).
send_loop(Current, Max, _Servers) when Current =:= Max->
ok;
send_loop(Current, Max, Servers) ->
Conn = connect(lists:nth(Current, Servers)),
Reply = send_data(Conn),
print(Reply).
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这不是很惯用的 Erlang;我正在尝试使其反映上面的过程代码。
正如您所看到的,我得到了相同的效果,但是我在函数中的分配是固定的。
附带说明一下,您使用了许多以下划线开头的变量名称。在 Erlang 中,这是一种暗示您不会使用这些变量的值的方式。(就像上面的示例一样,当我到达列表末尾时,我不关心服务器列表。)在代码中使用前导下划线会关闭一些有用的编译器警告,并使任何其他开发人员感到困惑谁看你的代码。
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