Bah*_*gol 3 c++ java matlab signal-processing
有没有人尝试过filtfilt()用Java (或至少在C ++中)实现matlab的功能?如果你们有一个算法,那将有很大的帮助。
好吧,我知道这个问题很古老,但也许我可以帮助到这里想知道filtfilt实际情况的其他人。
尽管从前filtfilt向后向(又名零相位)过滤的文档中可以明显看出,它如何处理填充和初始条件之类的事情对我来说并不那么明显。
由于我在此处(或其他地方)找不到任何其他答案以及有关 的这些实现细节的足够信息filtfilt,因此我基于其源代码和文档(因此,不是,也不是,但是)实现了Python's的简化版本。我相信该版本的工作方式与's相同。scipy.signal.filtfiltJavaC++PythonscipyMatlab
为了简单起见,下面的代码是为二阶专门编写IIR滤波器,并且它假定系数矢量a和b是已知的(例如,从获得的scipy.signal.butter,或通过手算)。
它匹配filtfilt默认行为,使用odd长度填充,3 * max(len(a), len(b))在前向传递之前应用。使用scipy.signal.lfilter_zi( docs ) 中的方法找到初始状态。
免责声明:此代码仅旨在提供对 的某些实现细节的一些见解filtfilt,因此目标是清晰而不是计算效率/性能。该scipy.signal.filtfilt执行的速度要快得多(如100X根据一个快速和肮脏的更快timeit我的系统上测试)。
import numpy
def custom_filter(b, a, x):
"""
Filter implemented using state-space representation.
Assume a filter with second order difference equation (assuming a[0]=1):
y[n] = b[0]*x[n] + b[1]*x[n-1] + b[2]*x[n-2] + ...
- a[1]*y[n-1] - a[2]*y[n-2]
"""
# State space representation (transposed direct form II)
A = numpy.array([[-a[1], 1], [-a[2], 0]])
B = numpy.array([b[1] - b[0] * a[1], b[2] - b[0] * a[2]])
C = numpy.array([1.0, 0.0])
D = b[0]
# Determine initial state (solve zi = A*zi + B, see scipy.signal.lfilter_zi)
zi = numpy.linalg.solve(numpy.eye(2) - A, B)
# Scale the initial state vector zi by the first input value
z = zi * x[0]
# Apply filter
y = numpy.zeros(numpy.shape(x))
for n in range(len(x)):
# Determine n-th output value (note this simplifies to y[n] = z[0] + b[0]*x[n])
y[n] = numpy.dot(C, z) + D * x[n]
# Determine next state (i.e. z[n+1])
z = numpy.dot(A, z) + B * x[n]
return y
def custom_filtfilt(b, a, x):
# Apply 'odd' padding to input signal
padding_length = 3 * max(len(a), len(b)) # the scipy.signal.filtfilt default
x_forward = numpy.concatenate((
[2 * x[0] - xi for xi in x[padding_length:0:-1]],
x,
[2 * x[-1] - xi for xi in x[-2:-padding_length-2:-1]]))
# Filter forward
y_forward = custom_filter(b, a, x_forward)
# Filter backward
x_backward = y_forward[::-1] # reverse
y_backward = custom_filter(b, a, x_backward)
# Remove padding and reverse
return y_backward[-padding_length-1:padding_length-1:-1]
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请注意,这实现并没有要求scipy。此外,numpy通过写出解决方案zi并使用列表而不是 numpy 数组,它可以很容易地适应在纯 python 中工作,甚至没有。这甚至带来了显着的性能优势,因为在 python 循环中访问单个 numpy 数组元素比访问列表元素慢得多。
过滤器本身是在一个简单的Python循环中实现的。它使用状态空间表示,因为它无论如何都用于确定初始条件(请参阅 参考资料scipy.signal.lfilter_zi)。我相信scipy线性过滤器的实际实现(即scipy.signal.sigtools._linear_filter)在 中做了类似的事情C,可以在这里看到(感谢这个答案)。
下面是一些代码,提供了一个(非常基本的)scipy输出和custom输出的相等性检查:
import numpy
import numpy.testing
import scipy.signal
from matplotlib import pyplot
from . import custom_filtfilt
def sinusoid(sampling_frequency_Hz=50.0, signal_frequency_Hz=1.0, periods=1.0,
amplitude=1.0, offset=0.0, phase_deg=0.0, noise_std=0.1):
"""
Create a noisy test signal sampled from a sinusoid (time series)
"""
signal_frequency_rad_per_s = signal_frequency_Hz * 2 * numpy.pi
phase_rad = numpy.radians(phase_deg)
duration_s = periods / signal_frequency_Hz
number_of_samples = int(duration_s * sampling_frequency_Hz)
time_s = (numpy.array(range(number_of_samples), float) /
sampling_frequency_Hz)
angle_rad = signal_frequency_rad_per_s * time_s
signal = offset + amplitude * numpy.sin(angle_rad - phase_rad)
noise = numpy.random.normal(loc=0.0, scale=noise_std, size=signal.shape)
return signal + noise
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Design filter
sampling_freq_hz = 50.0
cutoff_freq_hz = 2.5
order = 2
normalized_frequency = cutoff_freq_hz * 2 / sampling_freq_hz
b, a = scipy.signal.butter(order, normalized_frequency, btype='lowpass')
# Create test signal
signal = sinusoid(sampling_frequency_Hz=sampling_freq_hz,
signal_frequency_Hz=1.5, periods=3, amplitude=2.0,
offset=2.0, phase_deg=25)
# Apply zero-phase filters
filtered_custom = custom_filtfilt(b, a, signal)
filtered_scipy = scipy.signal.filtfilt(b, a, signal)
# Verify near-equality
numpy.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(filtered_custom, filtered_scipy,
decimal=12)
# Plot result
pyplot.subplot(1, 2, 1)
pyplot.plot(signal)
pyplot.plot(filtered_scipy)
pyplot.plot(filtered_custom, '.')
pyplot.title('raw vs filtered signals')
pyplot.legend(['raw', 'scipy filtfilt', 'custom filtfilt'])
pyplot.subplot(1, 2, 2)
pyplot.plot(filtered_scipy-filtered_custom)
pyplot.title('difference (scipy vs custom)')
pyplot.show()
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这个基本比较产生如下图所示,对于这种特定情况(我猜是机器精度),建议至少为 14 位小数: