如何在virtualenv中安装python3-gi？

Question

我正在关注Python GTK + 3教程,我正在尝试在virtualenv中运行正在运行的安装.我已经通过Ubuntu包管理器安装了python3-gi.事情看起来像这样:

:~$ mkvirtualenv py3 --python=/usr/bin/python3
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in py3/bin/python3
Also creating executable in py3/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...python
done.
(py3):~$ python
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import gi
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'gi'
>>> 
(py3):~$ deactivate
:~$ /usr/bin/python3
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import gi
>>> 

正如你所看到的,python3-gi显然在virtualenv中不可用,但我不知道如何安装它,因为python3-gi是通过我的包管理器而不是pip安装的.

Answer 1

现在可以使用vext解决此问题.Vext允许您在virtualenv中安装软件包,以便单独访问您的系统软件包.要访问gi,请执行以下操作:

pip install vext
pip install vext.gi

Answer 2

我还没有找到适当的解决方案.当我遇到无法直接安装到virtualenv的情况时,我在那里进行符号链接并且它工作正常(可能存在异常,但这不是其中之一).

ln -s /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi /path_to_venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/

丝毫不优雅; 看起来比通过(via --system-site-packages)给virtualenv完全访问所有系统包更好.

Answer 3

更新2018年 - Debian Stretch

1. 安装GTK + 3/GIR.

   apt install libcairo2-dev libgirepository1.0-dev gir1.2-gtk-3.0
   

2. 创建一个虚拟环境.

   python3 -mvenv venv
   

3. 安装pygobject(pycairo应该作为依赖).

   venv/bin/pip install pygobject
   

更新2018年 - macOS

1. 用Homebrew安装GTK + 3和Gobject Introspection .

   brew install gtk+3 gobject-introspection
   

2. 创建并激活虚拟环境.

   python3 -mvenv venv
   

3. 安装pygobject(pycairo应该作为依赖).

   PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib/pkgconfig ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" venv/bin/pip install pygobject
   

原始答案

这就是我在OS X 10.11上的Python 3.5虚拟环境中获得GTK + 3所做的工作.

1. 用Homebrew安装GTK + 3 .

   brew install gtk+3
   

2. 创建并激活虚拟环境.

   pyvenv-3.5 venv
   source venv/bin/activate
   cd venv
   

3. 在虚拟环境中安装pycairo.

   export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VIRTUAL_ENV/lib/pkgconfig
   
   curl -L https://cairographics.org/releases/pycairo-1.10.0.tar.bz2 | tar xj
   cd pycairo-1.10.0
   export ARCHFLAGS='-arch x86_64'
   
   python waf configure --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV # It's ok, this will fail.
   sed -i '' '154s/data={}/return/' .waf3-1.6.4-*/waflib/Build.py # Bugfix: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=76759
   python waf configure --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV # Now it should configure.
   python waf build
   python waf install
   
   unset ARCHFLAGS
   cd ..
   

4. 在虚拟环境中安装pygobject.

   export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VIRTUAL_ENV/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib/pkgconfig
   
   curl -L http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/pygobject/3.12/pygobject-3.12.2.tar.xz | tar xJ
   cd pygobject-3.12.2
   
   ./configure CFLAGS="-I$VIRTUAL_ENV/include" --prefix=$VIRTUAL_ENV
   make
   make install
   
   cd ..
   

5. 利润.

   Python 3.5.1 (v3.5.1:37a07cee5969, Dec  5 2015, 21:12:44)
   [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
   Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
   >>> from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk, Pango, GObject
   >>> from cairo import ImageSurface, Context, FORMAT_ARGB32
   >>>
   

从PSF下载并安装了Python 3.5 .

Answer 4

pip 包名称有点违反直觉 - 使用pip install PyGObject。