MD5在C中的实现

Question

我想在C项目中实现MD5哈希函数，并且我想自己制作，因为我担心的一件事是使用别人的代码（主要是因为我无法理解这些代码）。因此，我直接前往 Wiki 页面获取伪代码：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 我决定将填充和分解为 512 位块的内容留待以后使用，并从一个 MD5 哈希值开始空字符串。正确填充后，它应该（我认为）看起来像这样：

unsigned int message[16] = {0x80000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,//binary: 100000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,// ...0000000000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,// ...0000000000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000};//...0000000000000000000000000000000

以下是我如何用 C 语言重现 Wiki 的主循环（仅处理一个 512 位块的循环）：

unsigned int a0, b0, c0, d0, 
             A, B, C, D,
             i, F, g, bufD;

//empty string appended with 1 bit and zeroes till it is 512 bytes long as 16 32-bit words
unsigned int message[16] = {0x80000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,//binary: 100000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,// ...0000000000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,// ...0000000000000000000000000000...
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000};//...0000000000000000000000000000000

unsigned int shiftAmounts[64] = {7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22,
                                 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20,
                                 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23,
                                 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21};

unsigned int partsOfSines[64] = {0xd76aa478, 0xe8c7b756, 0x242070db, 0xc1bdceee,
                                 0xf57c0faf, 0x4787c62a, 0xa8304613, 0xfd469501,
                                 0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af, 0xffff5bb1, 0x895cd7be,
                                 0x6b901122, 0xfd987193, 0xa679438e, 0x49b40821,
                                 0xf61e2562, 0xc040b340, 0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa,
                                 0xd62f105d, 0x02441453, 0xd8a1e681, 0xe7d3fbc8,
                                 0x21e1cde6, 0xc33707d6, 0xf4d50d87, 0x455a14ed,
                                 0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8, 0x676f02d9, 0x8d2a4c8a,
                                 0xfffa3942, 0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122, 0xfde5380c,
                                 0xa4beea44, 0x4bdecfa9, 0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70,
                                 0x289b7ec6, 0xeaa127fa, 0xd4ef3085, 0x04881d05,
                                 0xd9d4d039, 0xe6db99e5, 0x1fa27cf8, 0xc4ac5665,
                                 0xf4292244, 0x432aff97, 0xab9423a7, 0xfc93a039,
                                 0x655b59c3, 0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d, 0x85845dd1,
                                 0x6fa87e4f, 0xfe2ce6e0, 0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1,
                                 0xf7537e82, 0xbd3af235, 0x2ad7d2bb, 0xeb86d391};

a0 = 0x67452301;
b0 = 0xefcdab89;
c0 = 0x98badcfe;
d0 = 0x10325476;

//gotta put this into a loop for each 512-bit chunk
A = a0;
B = b0;
C = c0;
D = d0;

for (i=0; i<64; i++){
    if (i < 16){
        F = (B & C) | (~B & D);
        g = i;
    } else if (i >= 16 && i < 32){
        F = (D & B) | (~D & C);
        g = (5*i + 1) % 16;
    } else if (i >= 32 && i < 48){
        F = B ^ C ^ D;
        g = (3*i + 5) % 16;
    } else if (i >= 48){
        F = C ^ (B | ~D);
        g = (7*i) % 16;
    }
    bufD = D;
    D = C;
    C = B;
    B += leftRotate((A + F + partsOfSines[i] + message[g]), shiftAmounts[i]);
    A = bufD;
}
a0 += A;
b0 += B;
c0 += C;
d0 += D;
//end future loop

printf ("a0=%u, b0=%u, c0=%u, d0=%u", a0, b0, c0, d0);

leftRotate函数，也是根据维基百科上的伪代码修改的：

unsigned int leftRotate(unsigned int x, int n){
    return ((x) << n) | ((x) >> (32 - n));
}

输出如下：

a0=578518856, b0=3524428790, c0=1003076545, d0=1531243034

将这些十进制值转换为十六进制，我得到以下结果：

a0 = 578518856 ->  227B7F48
b0 = 3524428790 -> D21283F6
c0 = 1003076545 -> 3BC9BBC1
d0 = 1531243034 -> 5B44EA1A

这与空字符串的实际 MD5 摘要（即 d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e）一点也不相似。所以，我的问题是，我哪里错了？

Answer 1

#include <stdio.h>

//empty string appended with 1 bit and zeroes till it is 512 bytes long as 16 32-bit words
unsigned int message[16] = {0x00000080, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
                            0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000};

unsigned int shiftAmounts[64] = {7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22,
                                 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20,
                                 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23,
                                 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21};

unsigned int partsOfSines[64] = {0xd76aa478, 0xe8c7b756, 0x242070db, 0xc1bdceee,
                                 0xf57c0faf, 0x4787c62a, 0xa8304613, 0xfd469501,
                                 0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af, 0xffff5bb1, 0x895cd7be,
                                 0x6b901122, 0xfd987193, 0xa679438e, 0x49b40821,
                                 0xf61e2562, 0xc040b340, 0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa,
                                 0xd62f105d, 0x02441453, 0xd8a1e681, 0xe7d3fbc8,
                                 0x21e1cde6, 0xc33707d6, 0xf4d50d87, 0x455a14ed,
                                 0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8, 0x676f02d9, 0x8d2a4c8a,
                                 0xfffa3942, 0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122, 0xfde5380c,
                                 0xa4beea44, 0x4bdecfa9, 0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70,
                                 0x289b7ec6, 0xeaa127fa, 0xd4ef3085, 0x04881d05,
                                 0xd9d4d039, 0xe6db99e5, 0x1fa27cf8, 0xc4ac5665,
                                 0xf4292244, 0x432aff97, 0xab9423a7, 0xfc93a039,
                                 0x655b59c3, 0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d, 0x85845dd1,
                                 0x6fa87e4f, 0xfe2ce6e0, 0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1,
                                 0xf7537e82, 0xbd3af235, 0x2ad7d2bb, 0xeb86d391};

unsigned leftRotate(unsigned x, int n) {
    return (x << n) | (x >> (32 - n));
}

void printReverseEndian(unsigned n) {
  printf("%02x%02x%02x%02x", n & 0xff, (n >> 8) & 0xff, (n >> 16) & 0xff, n >> 24);
}

int main() {

  unsigned int a0, b0, c0, d0, 
               A, B, C, D,
               i, F, g, bufD;

  a0 = 0x67452301;
  b0 = 0xefcdab89;
  c0 = 0x98badcfe;
  d0 = 0x10325476;

  A = a0;
  B = b0;
  C = c0;
  D = d0;

  for (i=0; i<64; i++){
    if (i < 16){
        F = (B & C) | (~B & D);
        g = i;
    } else if (i < 32){
        F = (D & B) | (~D & C);
        g = (5*i + 1) % 16;
    } else if (i < 48){
        F = B ^ C ^ D;
        g = (3*i + 5) % 16;
    } else {
        F = C ^ (B | ~D);
        g = (7*i) % 16;
    }
    bufD = D;
    D = C;
    C = B;
    B += leftRotate((A + F + partsOfSines[i] + message[g]), shiftAmounts[i]);
    A = bufD;
  }
  a0 += A;
  b0 += B;
  c0 += C;
  d0 += D;


  printReverseEndian(a0);
  printReverseEndian(b0);
  printReverseEndian(c0);
  printReverseEndian(d0);

  return 0;
}