如何在android中以编程方式添加自定义帐户？

Question

我正在尝试为我的应用创建一个帐户,在那里我可以将我的联系人设置为我的帐户,例如facebook,viber,WhatsApp等.我希望我的帐户也可以在设置的帐户部分中显示.有任何想法吗？我搜索了很多,但找不到正确的答案从哪里开始.请帮忙.我试图创建一个帐户的内容如下.这导致我出错.

Account account = new Account("Title", "com.package.nom");
               String password = "password";

               AccountManager accountManager =
                       (AccountManager) MainPanel.this.getSystemService(
                               ACCOUNT_SERVICE);
               accountManager.addAccountExplicitly(account, password, null);

Answer 1

您需要设置多个组件才能以编程方式创建帐户.你需要:

• AccountAuthenticator
• 用于提供对AccountAuthenticator的访问的服务
• 一些权限

验证者

验证器是一个对象,它将在帐户类型和具有管理权限的autority(即linux用户)之间进行映射.

声明身份验证器是在xml中完成的:

• 创建一个文件 res/xml/authenticator.xml

具有以下内容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<account-authenticator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                   android:accountType="com.company.demo.account.DEMOACCOUNT"
                   android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
                   android:smallIcon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
                   android:label="@string/my_custom_account"/>

请注意accountType:创建帐户时必须在代码中重复使用它."设置"应用程序将使用图标和标签显示该类型的帐户.

实施AccountAuthenticator

你必须延伸AbstractAccountAuthenticator这样做.这将由第三方应用程序用于访问帐户数据.

以下示例不允许任何对第三方应用程序的访问,因此每种方法的实现都是微不足道的.

public class CustomAuthenticator extends AbstractAccountAuthenticator {

    public CustomAuthenticator(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle addAccount(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, String s, String s2, String[] strings, Bundle bundle) throws NetworkErrorException {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle editProperties(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, String s) {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle confirmCredentials(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, Account account, Bundle bundle) throws NetworkErrorException {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle getAuthToken(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, Account account, String s, Bundle bundle) throws NetworkErrorException {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public String getAuthTokenLabel(String s) {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle updateCredentials(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, Account account, String s, Bundle bundle) throws NetworkErrorException {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }

    @Override
    public Bundle hasFeatures(AccountAuthenticatorResponse accountAuthenticatorResponse, Account account, String[] strings) throws NetworkErrorException {
        return null;  //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
    }
}

服务公开帐户类型

创建服务以操作该类型的帐户:

public class AuthenticatorService extends Service {
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        CustomAuthenticator authenticator = new CustomAuthenticator(this);
        return authenticator.getIBinder();
    }
}

在清单中声明服务:

<service android:name="com.company.demo.account.AuthenticatorService" android:exported="false">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator"/>
        </intent-filter>
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator"
            android:resource="@xml/authenticator"/>
    </service>

这里,过滤器和指向认证者的xml资源的元数据是关键点.

权限

在您的清单中,请务必声明以下权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS"/>

(并非所有本文中提供的示例代码都需要,但您可能会有更多关于帐户管理的代码,最后所有代码都会有用)

在代码中创建一个帐户

现在一切准备就绪,您可以使用以下代码创建一个帐户.请注意boolean返回时addAccountExplicitly通知您成功或失败.

    AccountManager accountManager = AccountManager.get(this); //this is Activity
    Account account = new Account("MyAccount","com.company.demo.account.DEMOACCOUNT");
    boolean success = accountManager.addAccountExplicitly(account,"password",null);
    if(success){
        Log.d(TAG,"Account created");
    }else{
        Log.d(TAG,"Account creation failed. Look at previous logs to investigate");
    }

最后的提示

不要在外部存储上安装您的应用程序

如果您的应用程序安装在外部存储设备上,则卸载SD卡时Android很可能会删除您的帐户数据(因为该帐户的身份验证器将不再可访问).因此,为了避免这种损失(每次重启!!!),您必须安装仅在内部存储上声明身份验证器的应用程序:

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      android:installLocation="internalOnly"
      ...

遇到麻烦

仔细阅读日志,AccountManger输出许多日志以帮助您调试代码.

Answer 2

我为此编写了一个库，它可以让您免于执行管理 android 帐户所需的琐事，例如定义绑定服务、身份验证器 xml 等。 使用它只需 5 个简单步骤：

第1步

将此添加到应用程序的 build.gradle 的依赖项中：

compile 'com.digigene.android:account-authenticator:1.3.0'

第2步

将您的身份验证帐户类型定义为字符串strings.xml：

<string name="auth_account_type">DigiGene</string>

将“DigiGene”替换为您自己的帐户类型。这就是出现在此屏幕截图中的 Android 帐户中的内容。

第 3 步

设计用于注册用户的注册布局（例如此图像）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.digigene.authenticatortest.MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/account_name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:hint="User Name"
        />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/password"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/account_name"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:hint="Password"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/register"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/password"
        android:text="register"
        android:onClick="startAuthentication"/>

</RelativeLayout>

并MyRegistrationActivity.java使用以下代码创建一个新类，例如：

import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.activity.RegistrationActivity;

public class MyRegistrationActivity extends RegistrationActivity {
    private EditText accountNameEditText, passwordEditText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.registration_layout);
        accountNameEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.account_name);
        passwordEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
    }

    public void startAuthentication(View view) {
        register(accountNameEditText.getText().toString(), passwordEditText.getText().toString(),
                null, null);
    }
}

第四步

做一个条目的布局在这里：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.digigene.authenticatortest.MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/account_name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:hint="User Name"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/register"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/account_name"
        android:text="Sign in"
        android:onClick="signIn"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/add"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/register"
        android:text="Add user"
        android:onClick="addUser"/>

</RelativeLayout>

此布局与以下类一起使用：

import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.AuthenticatorManager;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    EditText accountNameEditText;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        accountNameEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.account_name);
    }

    public void signIn(View view) {
        AuthenticatorManager authenticatorManager = new AuthenticatorManager(MainActivity.this,
                getString(R.string.auth_account_type), this, MyRegistrationActivity.class,
                MyInterfaceImplementation.class);
        String authTokenType = "REGULAR_USER";
        AuthenticatorManager.authenticatorManager = authenticatorManager;
        authenticatorManager.getAccessToken(accountNameEditText.getText().toString(),
                authTokenType, null);
    }

    public void addUser(View view) {
        AuthenticatorManager authenticatorManager = new AuthenticatorManager(MainActivity.this,
                getString(R.string.auth_account_type), this, MyRegistrationActivity.class,
                MyInterfaceImplementation.class);
        String authTokenType = "REGULAR_USER";
        AuthenticatorManager.authenticatorManager = authenticatorManager;
        authenticatorManager.addAccount(authTokenType, null, null);
    }
}

第 5 步

这是为了注册和登录目的而连接到服务器所需的方法的最后一步，然后实现。在下面，与实际情况相反，模拟服务器连接，只是为了演示库的功能。您可以用自己的真实实现替换以下实现。

import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.AbstractInterfaceImplementation;
import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.AuthenticatorManager;
import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.result.RegisterResult;
import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.result.SignInResult;
import com.digigene.accountauthenticator.result.SignUpResult;

public class MyInterfaceImplementation extends AbstractInterfaceImplementation {
    public static int accessTokenCounter = 0;
    public static int refreshTokenCounter = 0;
    public static int demoCounter = 0;
    public static int accessTokenNo = 0;
    public static int refreshTokenNo = 0;
    public final int ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_COUNTER = 2;
    public final int REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_COUNTER = 5;
    public final int DEMO_COUNTER = 15;

    @Override
    public String[] userAccessTypes() {
        return new String[]{"REGULAR_USER", "SUPER_USER"};
    }

    @Override
    public void doAfterSignUpIsUnsuccessful(Context context, Account account, String
            authTokenType, SignUpResult signUpResult, Bundle options) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Sign-up was not possible due to the following:\n" + signUpResult
                .errMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        AuthenticatorManager.authenticatorManager.addAccount(authTokenType, null, options);
    }

    @Override
    public void doAfterSignInIsSuccessful(Context context, Account account, String authTokenType,
                                          String authToken, SignInResult signInResult, Bundle
                                                  options) {
        demoCounter = demoCounter + 1;
        Toast.makeText(context, "User is successfully signed in: \naccessTokenNo=" +
                accessTokenNo + "\nrefreshTokenNo=" + refreshTokenNo +
                "\ndemoCounter=" + demoCounter, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public SignInResult signInToServer(Context context, Account account, String authTokenType,
                                       String accessToken, Bundle options) {
        accessTokenCounter = accessTokenCounter + 1;
        SignInResult signInResult = new SignInResult();
        signInResult.isSuccessful = true;
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                this.wait(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if ((accessTokenCounter > ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_COUNTER || demoCounter > DEMO_COUNTER)) {
            signInResult.isSuccessful = false;
            signInResult.isAccessTokenExpired = true;
            if (demoCounter < DEMO_COUNTER) {
                signInResult.errMessage = "Access token is expired";
                return signInResult;
            }
        }
        return signInResult;
    }

    @Override
    public SignUpResult signUpToServer(Context context, Account account, String authTokenType,
                                       String refreshToken, Bundle options) {
        SignUpResult signUpResult = new SignUpResult();
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                this.wait(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        refreshTokenCounter = refreshTokenCounter + 1;
        signUpResult.isSuccessful = true;
        signUpResult.accessToken = "ACCESS_TOKEN_NO_" + accessTokenNo;
        signUpResult.refreshToken = "REFRESH_TOKEN_NO_" + refreshTokenNo;
        if (demoCounter > DEMO_COUNTER) {
            signUpResult.isSuccessful = false;
            signUpResult.errMessage = "You have reached your limit of using the demo version. " +
                    "Please buy it for further usage";
            return signUpResult;
        }
        if (refreshTokenCounter > REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_COUNTER) {
            refreshTokenCounter = 0;
            signUpResult.isSuccessful = false;
            signUpResult.errMessage = "User credentials have expired, please login again";
            return signUpResult;
        }
        if (accessTokenCounter > ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_COUNTER) {
            accessTokenCounter = 0;
            accessTokenNo = accessTokenNo + 1;
            signUpResult.accessToken = "ACCESS_TOKEN_NO_" + accessTokenNo;
        }
        return signUpResult;
    }

    @Override
    public RegisterResult registerInServer(Context context, Account account, String password,
                                           String authTokenType, String[] requiredFeatures,
                                           Bundle options) {
        RegisterResult registerResult = new RegisterResult();
        registerResult.isSuccessful = false;
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                this.wait(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (true) {  // password is checked here and, if true, refresh token is generated for the
            // user
            refreshTokenNo = refreshTokenNo + 1;
            accessTokenNo = accessTokenNo + 1;
            registerResult.isSuccessful = true;
            registerResult.refreshToken = "REFRESH_TOKEN_NO_" + refreshTokenNo;
        }
        return registerResult;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean setDoesCallbackRunInBackgroundThread() {
        return false;
    }
}

结果

下面显示了正在运行的库。你可以在这里找到完整的教程，以及AccountManager在我网站的这三篇文章中关于android如何工作的内容：第 1部分、第 2部分、第 3 部分。