如何在Flask中安全地获取用户的真实IP地址(使用mod_wsgi)？

Question

我在mod_wsgi/Apache上设置了一个烧瓶应用程序,需要记录用户的IP地址.request.remote_addr返回"127.0.0.1"并且此修复尝试更正但是我发现Django出于安全原因删除了类似的代码.

有没有更好的方法来安全地获取用户的真实IP地址？

编辑:也许我错过了一些明显的东西.我应用了werkzeug的/ Flask的修复程序但是当我尝试使用带有更改标题的请求时它似乎没有什么区别:

run.py:

    from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
    app.wsgi_app = ProxyFix(app.wsgi_app)
    app.run()

view.py:

for ip in request.access_route:
        print ip # prints "1.2.3.4" and "my.ip.address"

如果我启用了ProxyFix,则会出现相同的结果.我觉得我错过了一些完全明显的东西

Answer 1

仅当您定义可信代理列表时,才能使用该request.access_route属性.

该access_route属性使用X-Forwarded-For标头,回退到REMOTE_ADDRWSGI变量; 后者很好,因为你的服务器决定这一点; 在X-Forwarded-For可能已被几乎任何人都设定,但如果你信任的代理正确设置值,然后使用第一个(从端)成为不信任:

trusted_proxies = {'127.0.0.1'}  # define your own set
route = request.access_route + [request.remote_addr]

remote_addr = next((addr for addr in reversed(route) 
                    if addr not in trusted_proxies), request.remote_addr)

这样,即使有人欺骗了X-Forwarded-For标题fake_ip1,fake_ip2,代理服务器也会添加,spoof_machine_ip到最后,而上述代码将设置为remote_addrto spoof_machine_ip,无论您的最外层代理还有多少可信代理.

这是你的链接文章谈到的白名单方法(简单地说,Rails使用它),以及Zope在11年前实现的内容.

你的ProxyFix方法工作正常,但你误解了它的作用.它仅规定request.remote_addr; 的request.access_route属性是不变(X-Forwarded-For报头未由中间件调整).但是,我会非常警惕盲目地计算代理.

对中间件应用相同的白名单方法如下所示:

class WhitelistRemoteAddrFix(object):
    """This middleware can be applied to add HTTP proxy support to an
    application that was not designed with HTTP proxies in mind.  It
    only sets `REMOTE_ADDR` from `X-Forwarded` headers.

    Tests proxies against a set of trusted proxies.

    The original value of `REMOTE_ADDR` is stored in the WSGI environment
    as `werkzeug.whitelist_remoteaddr_fix.orig_remote_addr`.

    :param app: the WSGI application
    :param trusted_proxies: a set or sequence of proxy ip addresses that can be trusted.
    """

    def __init__(self, app, trusted_proxies=()):
        self.app = app
        self.trusted_proxies = frozenset(trusted_proxies)

    def get_remote_addr(self, remote_addr, forwarded_for):
        """Selects the new remote addr from the given list of ips in
        X-Forwarded-For.  Picks first non-trusted ip address.
        """

        if remote_addr in self.trusted_proxies:
            return next((ip for ip in reversed(forwarded_for)
                         if ip not in self.trusted_proxies),
                        remote_addr)

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        getter = environ.get
        remote_addr = getter('REMOTE_ADDR')
        forwarded_for = getter('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '').split(',')
        environ.update({
            'werkzeug.whitelist_remoteaddr_fix.orig_remote_addr': remote_addr,
        })
        forwarded_for = [x for x in [x.strip() for x in forwarded_for] if x]
        remote_addr = self.get_remote_addr(remote_addr, forwarded_for)
        if remote_addr is not None:
            environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] = remote_addr
        return self.app(environ, start_response)

要明确:这个中间件也只是设置request.remote_addr; request.access_route不受影响.