sequelize.sync()上的force选项有什么作用?
sequelize.sync({
force: true
});
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具体来说,我有兴趣知道什么力:假吗?它不会将模式与数据库同步吗?
是否有任何正式的续集文档?我只能在文档中找到示例.
Jan*_*ier 45
(或多或少)正式文档和API参考可以在http://sequelize.readthedocs.org/en/latest/api/sequelize/#sync找到
对于你的问题:在尝试创建表之前force: true添加一个DROP TABLE IF EXISTS- 如果你强制,现有的表将被覆盖.
Tyl*_*ier 33
OP正在询问是什么force: false,这也是我想知道的,所以这是剩下的.
对我来说,主要的问题是个别领域没有同步(这是我希望的,来自Waterline ORM).意思是,如果您有force: false并且表存在,则不会执行任何字段添加/修改/删除.
beforeSync 钩子运行force: trueif not existsafterSync 钩子运行以下是来自github repo的当前代码供参考:
lib.model.js
Model.prototype.sync = function(options) {
options = options || {};
options.hooks = options.hooks === undefined ? true : !!options.hooks;
options = Utils._.extend({}, this.options, options);
var self = this
, attributes = this.tableAttributes;
return Promise.try(function () {
if (options.hooks) {
return self.runHooks('beforeSync', options);
}
}).then(function () {
if (options.force) {
return self.drop(options);
}
}).then(function () {
return self.QueryInterface.createTable(self.getTableName(options), attributes, options, self);
}).then(function () {
return self.QueryInterface.showIndex(self.getTableName(options), options);
}).then(function (indexes) {
// Assign an auto-generated name to indexes which are not named by the user
self.options.indexes = self.QueryInterface.nameIndexes(self.options.indexes, self.tableName);
indexes = _.filter(self.options.indexes, function (item1) {
return !_.some(indexes, function (item2) {
return item1.name === item2.name;
});
});
return Promise.map(indexes, function (index) {
return self.QueryInterface.addIndex(self.getTableName(options), _.assign({logging: options.logging, benchmark: options.benchmark}, index), self.tableName);
});
}).then(function () {
if (options.hooks) {
return self.runHooks('afterSync', options);
}
}).return(this);
};
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最小可运行示例
const { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
const sequelize = new Sequelize({
dialect: 'sqlite',
storage: 'tmp.sqlite',
});
(async () => {
const IntegerNames = sequelize.define('IntegerNames', {
value: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, },
name: { type: DataTypes.STRING, },
}, {});
//await IntegerNames.sync({force: true})
await IntegerNames.create({value: 2, name: 'two'});
await sequelize.close();
})();
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设置:
npm install sequelize@6.5.1 sqlite3@5.0.2.
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在标准输出上我们可以看到它所做的查询:
Executing (default): DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `IntegerNames`;
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `IntegerNames` (`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, `value` INTEGER, `name` VARCHAR(255), `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `updatedAt` DATETIME NOT NULL);
Executing (default): PRAGMA INDEX_LIST(`IntegerNames`)
Executing (default): INSERT INTO `IntegerNames` (`id`,`value`,`name`,`createdAt`,`updatedAt`) VALUES (NULL,$1,$2,$3,$4);
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如果我们使用相反的方法,我们会得到相同的结果,只是开头force: false没有:DROP
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `IntegerNames` (`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, `value` INTEGER, `name` VARCHAR(255), `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `updatedAt` DATETIME NOT NULL);
Executing (default): PRAGMA INDEX_LIST(`IntegerNames`)
Executing (default): INSERT INTO `IntegerNames` (`id`,`value`,`name`,`createdAt`,`updatedAt`) VALUES (NULL,$1,$2,$3,$4);
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如果我们删除同步,则根本不会创建表:
Executing (default): INSERT INTO `IntegerNames` (`id`,`value`,`name`,`createdAt`,`updatedAt`) VALUES (NULL,$1,$2,$3,$4);
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结论:force
force: false:如果该表存在,则由于IF NOT EXISTSin不会发生任何事情CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS。因此,任何表架构修改都会被忽略。force: true:首先删除表,因此任何架构更改都会生效CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS。但你会丢失所有数据alter: true, force: false实际上尝试保留数据并修改数据库
使用force: true,数据库将被删除并重新创建,因此它当然会匹配最新的架构,但您会丢失所有数据。
为了尝试保留现有数据并更新架构,我们必须使用alter: trueexcept force: false。
以下工作和标准输出显示了用于通过创建临时数据库使其工作的复杂查询序列IntegerNames_backup:
const assert = require('assert')
const { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
function getSequelize() {
if (process.argv[2] === 'p') {
return new Sequelize('tmp', undefined, undefined, {
dialect: 'postgres',
host: '/var/run/postgresql',
})
} else {
return new Sequelize({
dialect: 'sqlite',
storage: 'tmp.sqlite',
})
}
}
(async () => {
{
const sequelize = getSequelize()
const IntegerNames = sequelize.define('IntegerNames', {
value: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, },
name: { type: DataTypes.STRING, },
}, {});
await IntegerNames.sync({force: true})
await IntegerNames.create({value: 2, name: 'two'});
await IntegerNames.create({value: 3, name: 'three'});
await sequelize.close();
}
// Alter by adding column.
{
const sequelize = getSequelize()
const IntegerNames = sequelize.define('IntegerNames', {
value: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, },
name: { type: DataTypes.STRING, },
nameEs: { type: DataTypes.STRING, },
}, {});
await IntegerNames.sync({
alter: true,
force: false,
})
await IntegerNames.create({value: 5, name: 'five' , nameEs: 'cinco'});
await IntegerNames.create({value: 7, name: 'seven', nameEs: 'siete'});
const integerNames = await IntegerNames.findAll({
order: [['value', 'ASC']],
});
assert(integerNames[0].value === 2);
assert(integerNames[0].name === 'two');
assert(integerNames[0].nameEs === null);
assert(integerNames[1].name === 'three');
assert(integerNames[1].nameEs === null);
assert(integerNames[2].name === 'five');
assert(integerNames[2].nameEs === 'cinco');
assert(integerNames[3].name === 'seven');
assert(integerNames[3].nameEs === 'siete');
await sequelize.close();
}
})();
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如果我们删除alter: true它,它就会崩溃,因为新列不存在:
SequelizeDatabaseError: SQLITE_ERROR: table IntegerNames has no column named nameEs
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在 PostgreSQL 上它实际上会生成ALTER语句,这非常棒:
Executing (default): ALTER TABLE "public"."IntegerNames" ADD COLUMN "nameEs" VARCHAR(255);
Executing (default): ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "value" DROP NOT NULL;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "value" DROP DEFAULT;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "value" TYPE INTEGER;
Executing (default): ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "name" DROP NOT NULL;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "name" DROP DEFAULT;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "name" TYPE VARCHAR(255);
Executing (default): ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "createdAt" SET NOT NULL;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "createdAt" DROP DEFAULT;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "createdAt" TYPE TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE;
Executing (default): ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "updatedAt" SET NOT NULL;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "updatedAt" DROP DEFAULT;ALTER TABLE "IntegerNames" ALTER COLUMN "updatedAt" TYPE TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE;
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我们看到它只是ALTER单独为每个列运行一个语句,即使该列已经存在,在这种情况下它不会以任何方式修改。
在 SQLite 上,alter 的工作方式是创建一个新表,然后通过以下方式将所有数据从旧表移动到新表:
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `IntegerNames_backup` (`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `value` INTEGER, `name` VARCHAR(255), `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `updatedAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `nameEs` VARCHAR(255));
Executing (default): INSERT INTO `IntegerNames_backup` SELECT `id`, `value`, `name`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt`, `nameEs` FROM `IntegerNames`;
Executing (default): DROP TABLE `IntegerNames`;
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `IntegerNames` (`id` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, `value` INTEGER, `name` VARCHAR(255), `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `updatedAt` DATETIME NOT NULL, `nameEs` VARCHAR(255));
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TODO 为什么不使用ALTER语句?SQLite 似乎支持它们:How do you rename a table in SQLite 3.0? 然后,这打破了续集不会根据需要自动删除和重新创建的约束:如果外键约束处于活动状态,则使用续集迁移更改表的过程是非常悲伤的。
结论:alter
alter: true允许我们轻松添加新列,或修改现有列的属性。
这不能完全取代迁移的原因:Sequelize:更改生产中的模型架构
NOT NULL约束可能需要您使用某些选择值填充一些先前存在 NULL 错误的行。| 归档时间: |
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