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Question

我有一个gl.pxd包含所有定义的巨大文件gl.h,glu.h和glut.h.例如,它有以下这些行:

cdef extern from '<OpenGL/gl.h>':
    ctypedef unsigned int GLenum
    cdef void glBegin( GLenum mode )

我有一个window.pyx文件,看起来像这样:

# Import OpenGL definitions
# headers of gl, glu and glut
from gl cimport *

cdef int argcp
cdef char **argv

cdef void render_scene():

    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT )

    glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES )
    glVertex2f( -.5, -.5)
    glVertex2f( .5, 0 )
    glVertex2f( 0, -5. )
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

cpdef main():
    # Initialize GLUT and create Window
    glutInit( &argcp, argv )
    glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE )
    glutInitWindowPosition( 100, 100 )
    glutInitWindowSize( 1280, 720 )
    glutCreateWindow( 'My Shiny New Window' )

    # Register callbacks
    glutDisplayFunc( render_scene )

    # Enter GLUT event processing cycle
    glutMainLoop()

我也有一个setup.py看起来像这样:

from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext

setup(
    cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext},
    ext_modules = [Extension('window', ['window.pyx'])]
)

我打电话给python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace它编译,输出是这样的:

running build_ext
cythoning window.pyx to window.c
building 'window' extension
/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/include/python3.3m -c window.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o
/usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o -o /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so

我有一个window_test.py看起来像这样的:

import window
window.main()

但是,如果我想运行这个python代码段,我得到了这个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/petervaro/cygl/window_test.py", line 3, in <module>
    import window
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so, 2): Symbol not found: _glBegin
  Referenced from: /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so

我的问题与此问题非常类似: 导入Cython生成的.so文件时,此ImportError的含义是什么？- 虽然afaik我没有外部库,但我想使用内置的 OpenGL库...

哦,我使用的是Mac OS X 10.8.5,Cython 19.2和Python 3.3.任何帮助将不胜感激!

提前致谢!

Answer 1

即使OpenGL和GLUT在系统上(内置)我也必须在编译过程中将它们作为框架链接,所以setup.py应该如下所示:

from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Build import cythonize

exts = Extension( name='window',
                  sources=['window.pyx'],
                  extra_link_args=['-framework', 'OpenGL', '-framework', 'GLUT'])

setup( name='cygl',
       ext_modules = cythonize( exts ))