如何让Mac OS使用Homebrew安装的python

Question

我已经在网上搜索了这个问题,我到目前为止所做的是

1. 在自制软件中安装了python32

2. 更改了我的.bash_profile并添加了以下行:

export PATH =/usr/local/bin:/ usr/local/sbin:〜/ bin:$ PATH

但当我关闭终端并重新开始时,我输入'which python',它仍会打印:

在/ usr/bin中/蟒蛇

并输入'python --version'仍然有:

Python 2.7.2

我也尝试了以下指示:

brew链接--overwrite python

或尝试通过运行此指令删除自制程序安装的python:

brew删除python

但是上述两条指令都会导致此错误:

错误:没有这样的桶:/ usr/local/Cellar/python

任何人都可以帮忙,谢谢

Answer 1

如果要使用Homebrew安装Python 3:

$ brew install python3
==> Downloading http://python.org/ftp/python/3.3.0/Python-3.3.0.tar.bz2
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/python3-3.3.0.tar.bz2
==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0 --enable-ipv6 --datarootdir=/usr/local/Cell
==> make
==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0
==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0/share/python3
==> Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.35.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/distribute-0.6.35.tar.gz
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0/bin/python3.3 -s setup.py install --force --verbose --install-li
==> Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.3.1.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/pip-1.3.1.tar.gz
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0/bin/python3.3 -s setup.py install --force --verbose --install-li
==> Caveats
Homebrew's Python3 framework
  /usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.3.0/Frameworks/Python.framework

Distribute and Pip have been installed. To update them
  pip3 install --upgrade distribute
  pip3 install --upgrade pip

To symlink "Idle 3" and the "Python Launcher 3" to ~/Applications
  `brew linkapps`

You can install Python packages with
  `pip3 install <your_favorite_package>`

They will install into the site-package directory
 /usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages
Executable python scripts will be put in:
 /usr/local/share/python3
so you may want to put "/usr/local/share/python3" in your PATH, too.

See: https://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/wiki/Homebrew-and-Python

安装后更新系统PATH变量,添加下一行~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin:$PATH

然后:

$ source ~/.bash_profile

现在启动Python:

$ python3
Python 3.3.0 (default, Mar 26 2013, 10:01:40) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 4.2 (clang-425.0.27)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

你可以检查python3路径:

$ which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3

Answer 2

您可以尝试将此行添加到.bash_profile中

alias python='python3'

Answer 3

brew install python3 输出提到：

未版本控制的符号链接python，python-config，pip等指向出口PATH =在/ usr / local / bin目录：在/ usr / local / sbin中：〜/斌：$ PATH python3，python3-config，pip3等，已经分别安装在/ usr /本地的/ opt /蟒蛇/ libexec / bin

所以添加export PATH=/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH到~/.bash_profile然后运行source ~/.bash_profile会让您获得由Homebrew创建的符号链接-python = python3，pip = pip3等:)

$ python-版本

的Python 3.7.0

$ pip-版本

来自/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip的pip 18.0（python 3.7）

Answer 4

我遇到了同样的问题并做了一些研究。我发现有人在azure/cli存储库下为同一问题创建了一个错误。您可以在此处找到该问题。我在这里提供了相同的解决方案，这非常简单并解决了我的问题：

很可能 Brew 坏了，需要一些修补或修复。所以运行brew doctor命令，它会给你一个关于正在发生的事情的摘要。以下是我得到的：

mymac:bin sidmishra$ brew doctor
Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry or file an issue; just ignore this. Thanks!

Warning: The following directories do not exist:
/usr/local/sbin

You should create these directories and change their ownership to your account.
  sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin
  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/sbin

Warning: Unbrewed dylibs were found in /usr/local/lib.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.

Unexpected dylibs:
  /usr/local/lib/LibSideSyncOSX9.dylib
  /usr/local/lib/ss_conn_lib.dylib

Warning: You have unlinked kegs in your Cellar
Leaving kegs unlinked can lead to build-trouble and cause brews that depend on
those kegs to fail to run properly once built. Run `brew link` on these:
  python

该命令的绝妙之处brew doctor在于，它不仅可以告诉您问题，还可以在大多数情况下为您提供解决方案的建议。所以，我运行了 brew 建议的所有命令并链接我运行了以下命令：

brew link python

上面的命令给我一个错误：

mymac$ brew link python
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.1... Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework

似乎/urs/local/Frameworks对我当前的用户没有足够的权限。因此，我运行了以下命令并为当前用户提供了足够的权限：

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/Frameworks/

运行上述命令后，我再次运行链接命令，它起作用了！！！

mymac$ brew link python
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.1... 1 symlinks created

现在运行以下命令来获取当前选择的 python 版本：

python --version

以上命令应该为您提供3.7.1（截至 2018 年 12 月 21 日）或新版本的 python。您的 Mac 可能已python2设置为默认设置。如果版本不是python3那么您必须执行几个步骤才能使用最新python3的python2版本。以下是步骤：

使用外壳：

• 在编辑模式下打开~/.bash_loginor ~/.bash_profileor ~/.cshrcor ~/.profileor ~/.tcshrcor ~/.zprofile，无论您用于命令的shell。您可能必须使用sudo来编辑它们。

• 为其添加以下步骤：

  PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/bin:${PATH}" 导出路径

• 另外，添加以下备份：

  别名 python=python3

或 使用自制软件：

运行以下命令来取消链接 python2 和链接 python3：

mymac$ brew unlink python@2
mymac$ brew link python@3

以上将取消链接 python2 和链接 python3。

希望你们中的一些人会从这个答案中得到帮助。

再会！！！