'' 的类型初始值设定项引发异常

Question

考虑这段代码：

public class CountEnum : EnumDataType
    {
        public static readonly CountEnum CANADA = new CountEnum("CA", "Canada");
        public static readonly CountEnum DEFAULT = new CountEnum();
        private static readonly EnumDataTypeList OPTIONS = new EnumDataTypeList();
        public static readonly CountEnum UNITED_STATES = new CountEnum("US", "United States");
        public static readonly CountEnum UNSET = new CountEnum();


        private CountEnum()
        {
        }

        private CountEnum(string code, string name)
        {
            base.code = code;
            base.name = name;
            OPTIONS.Add(this); // This is the line 23
        }

以下是异常详细信息：

System.TypeInitializationException was caught
  Message=The type initializer for 'CP.BusinessLogic.VConfig' threw an exception.
  Source=CP.BusinessLogic
  TypeName=CP.BusinessLogic.VConfig
  StackTrace:
       at CP.BusinessLogic.VConfig.get_Instance()
       at CP.Fac.CPFac.GetActs() in C:\tfs_src\TeamProject\Main\Source\DApp\CPApp\Fac\CPFac.cs:line 170
  InnerException: System.TypeInitializationException
       Message=The type initializer for 'CP.Types.CountEnum' threw an exception.
       Source=CP.BusinessLogic
       TypeName=CP.Types.CountEnum
       StackTrace:
            at CP.BusinessLogic.VConfig..ctor() in C:\tfs_src\TeamProject\Main\Source\DApp\CPApp\BusinessLogic\VConfig.cs:line 14
            at CP.BusinessLogic.VConfig..cctor() in C:\tfs_src\TeamProject\Main\Source\DApp\CPApp\BusinessLogic\VConfig.cs:line 11
       InnerException: System.NullReferenceException
            Message=Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
            Source=CP.DataObject
            StackTrace:
                 at CP.Types.CountEnum..ctor(String code, String name) in C:\tfs_src\TeamProject\Main\Source\DApp\CPApp\Types\CountEnum.cs:line 23
                 at CP.Types.CountEnum..cctor() in C:\tfs_src\TeamProject\Main\Source\DApp\CPApp\Types\CountEnum.cs:line 8
            InnerException:

我无法弄清楚为什么我在运行时遇到此异常。我没有收到任何构建错误，并且代码看起来正确。

Answer 1

从你的堆栈跟踪来看，我认为你错过了有罪的代码。例如，也许它实际上看起来像这样：

public class CountEnum
{
   public static readonly CountEnum DEFAULT = new CountEnum();
   private static readonly List<CountEnum> AllInstances = new List<CountEnum>();

   private CountEnum()
   {
       AllInstances.Add(this);
   }
}

这将按照堆栈跟踪显示的方式运行，CountEnum构造函数会抛出NullReferenceException. 但是，我们无法确定，因为您没有包含CountEnum构造函数的主体（或者实际上根本没有发布有效的代码CountEnum）。

但从根本上来说，这是您应该查看的堆栈跟踪部分：

InnerException: System.NullReferenceException
     Message=Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
     Source=CP.DataObject
     StackTrace:
          at CP.Types.CountEnum..ctor(String code, String name) in C:\...\CountEnum.cs:line 23
          at CP.Types.CountEnum..cctor() in C:\...\CountEnum.cs:line 8

您应该查看第 23 行CountEnum.cs- 这就是引发异常的原因。

编辑：好的，现在我们可以看到有问题的代码，它与我的猜测非常相似。看这段代码：

public static readonly CountEnum CANADA = new CountEnum("CA", "Canada");
public static readonly CountEnum DEFAULT = new CountEnum();
private static readonly EnumDataTypeList OPTIONS = new EnumDataTypeList();

这些变量将按照您指定的顺序进行初始化 - 因此对的调用将在具有非空值CountEnum("CA", "Canada")之前执行...并且当您尝试将其添加到 时，您将以完全正常的方式得到异常。OPTIONSOPTIONS

您只需将 的 声明移至顶部即可解决此问题：OPTIONS

private static readonly EnumDataTypeList OPTIONS = new EnumDataTypeList();
public static readonly CountEnum CANADA = new CountEnum("CA", "Canada");
public static readonly CountEnum DEFAULT = new CountEnum();

这肯定可以工作，但这是一个相当脆弱的设计。我过去曾使用过这样的设计，但是当您需要特定的初始化顺序时，您可能会陷入麻烦。