在oop中实现碰撞检测器的最佳方法

max*_*mus 5 java oop collision-detection

我在java中制作了一个简单的基于物理的游戏,我坚持实现碰撞检测方法.我有几个继承自comman基类形状的类.我将所有可见对象存储在shape类的arraylist中.我已经为每个可能的对象碰撞创建了几种碰撞检测方法.当我开始实现这些方法时,我最终得到了这样的代码:

private void collision_detector(Shape s1,Shape s2){

    if(s1.getClass()==Ball.class)
        if(s2.getClass() == Block.class) collision_detector((Ball)s1,(Block)s2);
        else collision_detector((Ball)s1,(Ball)s2);
    else if(s1.getClass()==Block.class)
        if(s2.getClass()==Block.class) collision_detector((Block)s1,(Block)s2);
        else collision_detector((Ball)s2,(Block)s1);        
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

它只是感觉不是实现碰撞检测的正确方法,因为我必须更新此方法以检查每次添加新形状(如三角形或六边形)时的每种可能组合.我对访客模式有所了解.但有没有更好的方法来做到这一点?

Jas*_*n C 5

如果您不介意将碰撞检测代码放入对象本身,您可以通过执行以下操作来消除一侧的检查:

public abstract class Shape {
    public abstract boolean collidesWith (Shape s);
}

public class Ball extends Shape {
    @Override public boolean collidesWith (Shape s) {
        if (s instanceof Block)
            return Collision.blockBall((Block)s, this);
        else if (s instanceof Ball)
            return Collision.ballBall(this, (Ball)s);
        else
            return false;
    }
}

public class Block extends Shape {
    @Override public boolean collidesWith (Shape s) {
        if (s instanceof Block)
            return Collision.blockBlock(this, (Block)s);
        else if (s instanceof Ball)
            return Collision.blockBall(this, (Ball)s);
        else
            return false;
    }
}

public class Collision {
    public static boolean blockBlock (Block a, Block b) { ... }
    public static boolean blockBall (Block a, Ball b) { ... }
    public static boolean ballBall (Ball a, Ball b) { ... }
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

如有必要,这还使您可以自由地为 Shape 本身中的某些 Shape 组合实现碰撞算法 - 您甚至可以摆脱 Collision,只需创建例如 Block.collideWithBall、Block.collideWithBlock 和 Ball.collideWithBlock,将它们称为适当的,例如:

public abstract class Shape {
    public abstract boolean collidesWith (Shape s);
}

public class Ball extends Shape {
    @Override public boolean collidesWith (Shape s) {
        if (s instanceof Block)
            return collidesWithBlock((Block)s);
        else if (s instanceof Ball)
            return collidesWithBall((Ball)s);
        else
            return false;
    }
    public boolean collidesWithBall (Ball b) {
        ... 
    }
    public boolean collidesWithBlock (Block b) {
        ...
    }
}

public class Block extends Shape {
    @Override public boolean collidesWith (Shape s) {
        if (s instanceof Block)
            return collidesWithBlock((Block)s);
        else if (s instanceof Ball)
            return ((Ball)s).collidesWithBlock(this);
        else
            return false;
    }
    public boolean collidesWithBlock (Block b) { 
        ...
    }
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

就我个人而言,我更喜欢后者,因为它将碰撞代码包含在相关类中。请注意,Block.collidesWithBall 是不必要的,因为可以使用 Ball.collidesWithBlock。

每次添加新形状时,您仍然需要更新上述代码。如果性能不是问题,你也可以这样做:

public abstract class CollisionAlgorithm {
    public abstract boolean canCollide (Class<? extends Shape> a, Class<? extends Shape> b);
    public abstract boolean collide (Shape a, Shape b);
}

public class Collider {

    private static final List<CollisionAlgorithm> algorithms;

    public static void registerAlgorithm (CollisionAlgorithm a) { 
        algorithms.append(a); 
    }

    public static CollisionAlgorithm findAlgorithm (Class<? extends Shape> a, Class<? extends Shape> b) {
        for (CollisionAlgorithm algo : algorithms)
            if (algo.canCollide(a, b))
                return algo; 
        return null;
    }

    public static boolean collide (Shape a, Shape b) {
        if (a == null || b == null) 
            return false;
        CollisionAlgorithm algo = findAlgorithm(a.getClass(), b.getClass());
        if (algo != null)
            return algo.collide(a, b);
        algo = findAlgorithm(b.getClass(), a.getClass()); // try swapped order
        if (algo != null)
            return algo.collide(b, a);
        return false;
    }

}

// usage: first register algorithms
Collider.registerAlgorithm(new BallBallAlgorithm());
Collider.registerAlgorithm(new BallBlockAlgorithm());
Collider.registerAlgorithm(new BlockBlockAlgorithm());

// then 
Shape myShape1 = ...;
Shape myShape2 = ...;
boolean collide = Collider.collide(myShape1, myShape2);
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

请注意:我在这里快速输入了此内容,其目的是说明一个概念 - 可以进行许多改进。例如,可以将贴图与两个 Shape 类一起使用作为提高性能的关键,或者可以为 CollisionAlgorithm 提供通用参数以消除转换 Shapes 的需要。不过,请记住,每次需要执行碰撞测试时,这种方法都需要在算法容器中进行查找。