Python:登录网站

Question

我在redover上的stackoverflow上找到了这个代码.我试图为hackthissite.org修改它:

import urllib2
import urllib
import cookielib

# Store the cookies and create an opener to hold them
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))

# Add our headers
opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Tester')]

# Install the opener, changes the global opener to the one we just made
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

# URL for authentification
auth_url = 'https://www.hackthissite.org/user/login'

# Parameters to send
payload = {
    'username': 'myUser',
    'password': 'myPass',
    'btn_submit': 'Login'
}

# Encode payload
data = urllib.urlencode(payload)

# Build request object (supplying 'data' makes it a POST)
req = urllib2.Request(auth_url, data)

# Make request and store in resp
resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)

print resp

据我所知,我得到了有效负载,这是hackthissite.org上的登录表单:

<form id="loginform" method="post" action="/user/login">
<div id="innerlogin">
        <script type="text/javascript">var userclicked=0; var passclicked=0;</script>
        <p><input type="text" name="username" class="login" value="" onclick="if(userclicked==0){this.value='';userclicked=1;};" title="Username" /></p>
        <p><input type="password" name="password" class="login" value="" onclick="if(passclicked==0){this.value='';passclicked=1;};" title="Password" /></p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="Login" name="btn_submit" class="submit-button" /></p>
</div>
</form>

我从服务器得到的响应是:

<addinfourl at 36515712 whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x022D3DB0>>

我该如何登录该站点？在这种情况下,服务器响应意味着什么？(AddInfoUrl？)

Answer 1

我强烈建议您只需看看机械化并使用它.这使得这种事情几乎是微不足道的.例如,以下是您提到的网站界面:

from mechanize import Browser

br = Browser()
br.open("https://www.hackthissite.org/user/login")

br.select_form(predicate=lambda f: f.attrs.get('action') == '/user/login')
br["username"] = "myUser"
br["password"] = "myPass"
response = br.submit()

print response.read()

更新:解释这一行:

br.select_form(predicate=lambda f: f.attrs.get('action') == '/user/login')

select_form接受一个nr参数,一个name参数或一个predicate参数.如果这样做br.select_form(nr=1),则选择页面上的第二个表单.如果这样做br.select_form(name="foobar"),则选择页面上名为"foobar"的第一个表单.或者你可以给它一个接受一个HTMLForm对象的函数,并返回它是否应该是要选择的形式.

在上面的例子中,我给它一个函数,如果"action"表单的属性是,则返回true "/user/login".如果您知道表单的名称或其在文档中的位置,那可能更容易.