在不直接调用`java`的情况下运行JAR文件

Question

我正在部署一个用Java编写的命令行工具,它接受命令行参数.我把它打包成一个JAR文件,因为它有一个单个文件很方便.

问题是要运行它,你必须先打电话java -jar (filename) (args),这是非常烦人的.

我目前的方式是有一个简单的bash脚本启动它,但这不太理想.

无论如何(在Linux,Ubuntu Server中)是否要生成一个自己调用Java VM的JAR文件？我找了一个shebang,但找不到一个(当然这是有道理的,因为它是编译代码).

这就是我想要做的:myprogram.jar arg1 -arg2而不是这个:java -jar myprogram.jar arg1 -arg2

谢谢,
Brian

Answer 1

.zip文件格式(.jar格式所基于的格式)似乎在文件前面有额外数据的情况下是健壮的.因此,如果您使用cat命令在jar文件中的zip数据之前放置一个shebang,并使文件可执行,那么您可以调用jar文件,就像调用任何普通的shell脚本一样.

例如:(注意,该unzip -l命令只是为了说明这一点.它不会改变.jar的任何内容,并且在您实际执行此过程时可以省略.)

[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ java -jar tex4ht.jar 
   xtpipes (2009-01-27-22:19)
   Command line options: 
     java xtpipes [-trace] [-help] [-m] [-E] [-s script_file] [-S script_map]
                  [-i script_dir] [-o out_file] 
                  [-x...ml2xml_arg...]  (-d in_data | in_file)
     -m        messages printing mode
     -E        error messages into exception calls
     in_data   XML data directly into the command line

[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ cat header.txt 
#!/usr/bin/java -jar
[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ cat header.txt tex4ht.jar > tex4ht_exe.jar 
[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ unzip -l tex4ht_exe.jar
Archive:  tex4ht_exe.jar
warning [tex4ht_exe.jar]:  21 extra bytes at beginning or within zipfile
  (attempting to process anyway)
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  2009-07-09 15:48   META-INF/
       42  2009-07-09 15:47   META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
        0  2009-07-09 15:48   ./
        0  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/
     2217  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/DbUtilities.class
     2086  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/GroupMn.class
     6064  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/HtJsml.class
     4176  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/HtSpk.class
     1551  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/JsmlFilter.class
     2001  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/JsmlMathBreak.class
     6172  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/OoFilter.class
     3449  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/OoUtilities.class
     1468  2009-07-09 15:48   tex4ht/OomFilter.class
      346  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes.class
        0  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/
     4071  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/FileInfo.class
     6904  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/InputObject.class
    25906  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes.class
     1238  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$5.class
      713  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$3.class
     1533  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$1.class
      709  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$7.class
     1294  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/XtpipesEntityResolver.class
     1235  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$6.class
     3367  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$4.class
      709  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$8.class
     1136  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/Xtpipes$2.class
      875  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/XtpipesPrintWriter.class
     1562  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/XtpipesUni.class
        0  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/util/
     5720  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/util/ScriptsManager.class
     1377  2009-07-09 15:48   xtpipes/util/ScriptsManagerLH.class
---------                     -------
    87921                     32 files
[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ chmod +x tex4ht_exe.jar
[bloom@cat-in-the-hat ~]$ ./tex4ht_exe.jar 
   xtpipes (2009-01-27-22:19)
   Command line options: 
     java xtpipes [-trace] [-help] [-m] [-E] [-s script_file] [-S script_map]
                  [-i script_dir] [-o out_file] 
                  [-x...ml2xml_arg...]  (-d in_data | in_file)
     -m        messages printing mode
     -E        error messages into exception calls
     in_data   XML data directly into the command line

Answer 2

请参阅Linux Kernel文档中的Documentation/java.txt,该文档告诉您如何使用binfmt_misc内核模块配置系统以自动运行Jar文件.但是,这是您在计算机上更改的配置选项,而不是您更改的jar文件,因此它不会跟踪系统之间的jar文件.