Unk*_*ech 514 python networking ip-address
如何在Python平台中独立地找到本地IP地址(即192.168.xx或10.0.xx)并仅使用标准库?
Unk*_*ech 436
我刚发现这个,但它看起来有点hackish,但是他们说在*nix上尝试了它,我在Windows上做了它并且它有效.
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
print(s.getsockname()[0])
s.close()
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这假设您具有Internet访问权限,并且没有本地代理.
Vin*_*vic 415
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
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这总是不起作用(127.0.0.1
在主机/etc/hosts
名为as的机器上返回127.0.0.1
),gimel显示的是paliative,socket.getfqdn()
而是使用.当然,您的机器需要可解析的主机名.
Jam*_*ker 202
此方法返回本地框(具有默认路由的IP)上的"主"IP.
Python 2或3:
import socket
def get_ip():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
# doesn't even have to be reachable
s.connect(('10.255.255.255', 1))
IP = s.getsockname()[0]
except:
IP = '127.0.0.1'
finally:
s.close()
return IP
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这将返回一个主要的IP(具有默认路由的IP).如果您需要将所有IP连接到所有接口(包括localhost等),请参阅此答案.
如果你在家里的wifi防火墙之后就像NAT防火墙一样,那么这将不会显示你的公共NAT IP,而是显示本地网络上的私有NAT IP,它具有到本地WIFI路由器的默认路由; 获取你的无线路由器的外部IP要么需要在这个盒子上运行,要么连接到可以反映IP的外部服务,例如whatismyip.com/whatismyipaddress.com ......但这与原始问题完全不同.:)
在评论中根据Pedro的建议更新了connect()调用.(如果您需要特定的许可声明,这是公共域/免费用于任何用途,或者根据您选择的Stack Overflow代码/内容许可证的MIT/CC2-BY-SA.)
Ale*_*der 142
作为别名myip
,它应该在任何地方都可以使用:
alias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
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与上面相同,但只有Python代码:
import socket
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])
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在没有互联网连接的LAN上也可以使用的版本:
import socket
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])
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(谢谢@ccpizza)
背景:
使用socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
在这里不起作用,因为我所在的计算机之一/etc/hosts
具有重复的条目和对自身的引用.socket.gethostbyname()
只返回最后一个条目/etc/hosts
.
这是我最初的尝试,从以下开始清除所有地址"127."
:
import socket
print([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])
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这适用于Linux和Windows上的Python 2和3,但不涉及多个网络设备或IPv6.但是,它停止了最近的Linux发行版,所以我尝试了这种替代技术.它尝试连接到8.8.8.8
端口的Google DNS服务器53
:
import socket
print([(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1])
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然后我将上述两种技术组合成一个应该在任何地方工作的单行程,并在myip
此答案的顶部创建了别名和Python片段.
随着IPv6的日益普及,以及具有多个网络接口的服务器,使用第三方Python模块来查找IP地址可能比这里列出的任何方法都更加健壮和可靠.
Dzi*_*inX 87
您可以使用netifaces模块.只需输入:
pip install netifaces
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在命令shell中,它将自己安装在默认的Python安装上.
然后你可以像这样使用它:
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))
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在我的电脑上打印:
{45639BDC-1050-46E0-9BE9-075C30DE1FBC}: 192.168.0.100 {D43A468B-F3AE-4BF9-9391-4863A4500583}: 10.5.9.207
该模块的作者声称它应该适用于Windows,UNIX和Mac OS X.
nin*_*cko 48
套接字API方法
缺点:
反射器方法
(请注意,这不符合OP的本地IP地址问题,例如192.168 ......;它会为您提供公共IP地址,根据用例情况,这可能更合适.)
您可以查询某些网站,例如whatismyip.com(但使用API),例如:
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
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或者如果使用python2:
from urllib import urlopen
import re
def getPublicIp():
data = str(urlopen('http://checkip.dyndns.com/').read())
# data = '<html><head><title>Current IP Check</title></head><body>Current IP Address: 65.96.168.198</body></html>\r\n'
return re.compile(r'Address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)').search(data).group(1)
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好处:
缺点(和解决方法):
编辑:虽然最初我认为这些方法非常糟糕(除非你使用很多后备,但代码可能在很多年后都无关紧要),它确实提出了"什么是互联网?"的问题.计算机可能有许多指向许多不同网络的接口.有关该主题的更全面描述,请访问google gateways and routes
.计算机可以通过内部网关访问内部网络,或者通过例如路由器(通常是这种情况)上的网关访问万维网.OP询问的本地IP地址仅针对单个链路层进行了明确定义,因此您必须指定("它是网卡,还是以太网电缆,我们正在谈论它?") .提出的问题可能有多个非独特的答案.然而,万维网上的全球IP地址可能是明确定义的(在没有大规模网络碎片的情况下):可能是通过可以访问TLD的网关的返回路径.
Col*_*son 44
如果计算机具有到Internet的路由,则即使未正确设置/ etc/hosts ,也始终可以获取首选本地IP地址.
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 1)) # connect() for UDP doesn't send packets
local_ip_address = s.getsockname()[0]
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tMC*_*tMC 38
在Linux上:
>>> import socket, struct, fcntl
>>> sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
>>> sockfd = sock.fileno()
>>> SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
>>>
>>> def get_ip(iface = 'eth0'):
... ifreq = struct.pack('16sH14s', iface, socket.AF_INET, '\x00'*14)
... try:
... res = fcntl.ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)
... except:
... return None
... ip = struct.unpack('16sH2x4s8x', res)[2]
... return socket.inet_ntoa(ip)
...
>>> get_ip('eth0')
'10.80.40.234'
>>>
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sme*_*lin 27
我正在使用以下模块:
#!/usr/bin/python
# module for getting the lan ip address of the computer
import os
import socket
if os.name != "nt":
import fcntl
import struct
def get_interface_ip(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
s.fileno(),
0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname[:15], 'utf-8'))
# Python 2.7: remove the second argument for the bytes call
)[20:24])
def get_lan_ip():
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
interfaces = ["eth0","eth1","eth2","wlan0","wlan1","wifi0","ath0","ath1","ppp0"]
for ifname in interfaces:
try:
ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
break;
except IOError:
pass
return ip
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使用windows和linux进行测试(并且不需要额外的模块),用于基于单个IPv4的LAN中的系统.
固定的接口名称列表不适用于最近的Linux版本,这些版本采用了有关可预测接口名称的systemd v197更改,正如Alexander所指出的那样.在这种情况下,您需要使用系统上的接口名称手动替换列表,或使用其他解决方案,如netifaces.
shi*_*ino 24
我在我的ubuntu机器上使用它:
import commands
commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig").split("\n")[1].split()[1][5:]
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这不起作用.
Dzi*_*inX 20
如果您不想使用外部程序包并且不想依赖外部Internet服务器,这可能会有所帮助.这是我在Google代码搜索中找到并修改为返回所需信息的代码示例:
def getIPAddresses():
from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
from ctypes import POINTER, byref
from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
("ipMask", c_char * 16),
("context", c_ulong)]
class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
("comboIndex", c_ulong),
("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
("addressLength", c_uint),
("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
("index", c_ulong),
("type", c_uint),
("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("haveWins", c_uint),
("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
if rc == 0:
for a in adapterList:
adNode = a.ipAddressList
while True:
ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
if ipAddr:
yield ipAddr
adNode = adNode.next
if not adNode:
break
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用法:
>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>> print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207
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由于它依赖windll
,这只适用于Windows.
www*_*Com 18
关于Debian(测试),我怀疑大多数Linux的..
import commands
RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")
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在MS Windows上(已测试)
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
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小智 18
我认为这个版本尚未发布.我在Ubuntu 12.04上使用python 2.7进行了测试.
在以下网址找到此解决方案:http://code.activestate.com/recipes/439094-get-the-ip-address-associated-with-a-network-inter/
import socket
import fcntl
import struct
def get_ip_address(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
s.fileno(),
0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
)[20:24])
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结果示例:
>>> get_ip_address('eth0')
'38.113.228.130'
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dlm*_*dlm 11
ninjagecko答案的变化.这应该适用于允许UDP广播的任何LAN,并且不需要访问LAN或Internet上的地址.
import socket
def getNetworkIp():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
s.connect(('<broadcast>', 0))
return s.getsockname()[0]
print (getNetworkIp())
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我担心除了连接到另一台计算机并让它向您发送您的IP地址之外,没有任何好的平台独立方法可以做到这一点.例如: findmyipaddress.请注意,如果您需要NAT后面的IP地址,除非您连接的计算机也在NAT后面,否则这将不起作用.
这是一个适用于Linux的解决方案: 获取与网络接口关联的IP地址.
小智 8
通过命令行工具生成"干净"输出的一种简单方法:
import commands
ips = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig | grep -i \"inet\" | grep -iv \"inet6\" | " +
"awk {'print $2'} | sed -ne 's/addr\:/ /p'")
print ips
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它将显示系统上的所有IPv4地址.
对于Linux,可以只使用check_output
了的hostname -I
,像这样的系统命令:
from subprocess import check_output
check_output(['hostname', '-I'])
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仅供参考我可以验证方法:
import socket
addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
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适用于OS X(10.6,10.5),Windows XP和管理良好的RHEL部门服务器.它在一个非常小的CentOS VM上无法工作,我只是做了一些内核攻击.因此,对于该实例,您只需检查127.0.0.1地址,在这种情况下执行以下操作:
if addr == "127.0.0.1":
import commands
output = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig")
addr = parseaddress(output)
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然后从输出中解析ip地址.应该注意的是,默认情况下ifconfig不在普通用户的PATH中,这就是我在命令中给出完整路径的原因.我希望这有帮助.
这是UnkwnTech的答案的变体 - 它提供了一个get_local_addr()
函数,它返回主机的主LAN IP地址.我发布它是因为这增加了许多东西:ipv6支持,错误处理,忽略localhost/linklocal addrs,并使用TESTNET addr(rfc5737)连接.
# imports
import errno
import socket
# localhost prefixes
_local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")
# ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local
_ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:")
def detect_family(addr):
if "." in addr:
assert ":" not in addr
return socket.AF_INET
elif ":" in addr:
return socket.AF_INET6
else:
raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr)
def expand_addr(addr):
"""convert address into canonical expanded form --
no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups.
"""
family = detect_family(addr)
addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr))
if "::" in addr:
count = 8-addr.count(":")
addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":")
if addr.startswith(":"):
addr = "0" + addr
return addr
def _get_local_addr(family, remote):
try:
s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
s.connect((remote, 9))
return s.getsockname()[0]
finally:
s.close()
except socket.error:
return None
def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True):
"""get LAN address of host
:param remote:
return LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address.
by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet.
:param ipv6:
by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first.
if set to False, only checks ipv4.
:returns:
primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined.
"""
if remote:
family = detect_family(remote)
local = _get_local_addr(family, remote)
if not local:
return None
if family == socket.AF_INET6:
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
local = expand_addr(local)
if local.startswith(_local_networks):
# border case where remote addr belongs to host
return local
else:
# NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses,
# which should never exist in the real world.
if ipv6:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234")
# expand zero groups so the startswith() test works.
if local:
local = expand_addr(local)
else:
local = None
if not local:
local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123")
if not local:
return None
if local.startswith(_ignored_networks):
return None
return local
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import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]
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这适用于大多数Linux机箱:
import socket, subprocess, re
def get_ipv4_address():
"""
Returns IP address(es) of current machine.
:return:
"""
p = subprocess.Popen(["ifconfig"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
ifc_resp = p.communicate()
patt = re.compile(r'inet\s*\w*\S*:\s*(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})')
resp = patt.findall(ifc_resp[0])
print resp
get_ipv4_address()
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这个答案是我个人尝试解决获取局域网IP的问题,因为socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
还返回了127.0.0.1.此方法不需要Internet仅LAN连接.代码适用于Python 3.x,但可以轻松转换为2.x. 使用UDP广播:
import select
import socket
import threading
from queue import Queue, Empty
def get_local_ip():
def udp_listening_server():
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.bind(('<broadcast>', 8888))
s.setblocking(0)
while True:
result = select.select([s],[],[])
msg, address = result[0][0].recvfrom(1024)
msg = str(msg, 'UTF-8')
if msg == 'What is my LAN IP address?':
break
queue.put(address)
queue = Queue()
thread = threading.Thread(target=udp_listening_server)
thread.queue = queue
thread.start()
s2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s2.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
waiting = True
while waiting:
s2.sendto(bytes('What is my LAN IP address?', 'UTF-8'), ('<broadcast>', 8888))
try:
address = queue.get(False)
except Empty:
pass
else:
waiting = False
return address[0]
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(get_local_ip())
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如果您正在寻找与本地主机 IP 地址不同的 IPV4 地址127.0.0.1
,这里有一段简洁的 Python 代码:
import subprocess
address = subprocess.check_output(['hostname', '-s', '-I'])
address = address.decode('utf-8')
address=address[:-1]
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也可以写成一行:
address = subprocess.check_output(['hostname', '-s', '-I']).decode('utf-8')[:-1]
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即使您localhost
输入/etc/hostname
,代码仍会提供您的本地 IP 地址。
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