python:如何使用TO,CC和BCC发送邮件？

Question

我需要用于测试目的,用各种消息填充几百个电子邮箱,并且将使用smtplib.但除此之外,我需要能够不仅向特定邮箱发送消息,还要向CC和BCC发送消息.在发送电子邮件时,它看起来不像smtplib支持CC-ing和BCC.

寻找如何做CC或BCC从python脚本发送消息的建议.

(并且 - 不,我没有创建一个脚本来向我的测试环境之外的任何人发送垃圾邮件.)

Answer 1

电子邮件标头与smtp服务器无关.只需在发送电子邮件时将CC和BCC收件人添加到toaddrs即可.对于CC,将它们添加到CC标头.

toaddr = 'buffy@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
cc = ['alexander@sunydale.k12.ca.us','willow@sunnydale.k12.ca.us']
bcc = ['chairman@slayerscouncil.uk']
fromaddr = 'giles@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
message_subject = "disturbance in sector 7"
message_text = "Three are dead in an attack in the sewers below sector 7."
message = "From: %s\r\n" % fromaddr
        + "To: %s\r\n" % toaddr
        + "CC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(cc)
        + "Subject: %s\r\n" % message_subject
        + "\r\n" 
        + message_text
toaddrs = [toaddr] + cc + bcc
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.sunnydale.k12.ca.us')
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message)
server.quit()

Answer 2

关键是将收件人添加为sendmail呼叫中的电子邮件ID列表.

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

me = "user63503@gmail.com"
to = "someone@gmail.com"
cc = "anotherperson@gmail.com,someone@yahoo.com"
bcc = "bccperson1@gmail.com,bccperson2@yahoo.com"

rcpt = cc.split(",") + bcc.split(",") + [to]
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "my subject"
msg['To'] = to
msg['Cc'] = cc
msg.attach(my_msg_body)
server = smtplib.SMTP("localhost") # or your smtp server
server.sendmail(me, rcpt, msg.as_string())
server.quit()

Answer 3

不要添加密件抄送头.

请参阅:http://mail.python.org/pipermail/email-sig/2004-September/000151.html

并且:""注意sendmail()的第二个参数(收件人)作为列表传递.您可以在列表中包含任意数量的地址,以便依次将消息传递给每个地址.信息与消息头分开,你甚至可以通过将它们包含在方法参数中而不是消息头中来阻止某人.""来自http://pymotw.com/2/smtplib

toaddr = 'buffy@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
cc = ['alexander@sunydale.k12.ca.us','willow@sunnydale.k12.ca.us']
bcc = ['chairman@slayerscouncil.uk']
fromaddr = 'giles@sunnydale.k12.ca.us'
message_subject = "disturbance in sector 7"
message_text = "Three are dead in an attack in the sewers below sector 7."
message = "From: %s\r\n" % fromaddr
    + "To: %s\r\n" % toaddr
    + "CC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(cc)
    # don't add this, otherwise "to and cc" receivers will know who are the bcc receivers
    # + "BCC: %s\r\n" % ",".join(bcc)
    + "Subject: %s\r\n" % message_subject
    + "\r\n" 
    + message_text
toaddrs = [toaddr] + cc + bcc
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.sunnydale.k12.ca.us')
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message)
server.quit()

Answer 4

TO,CC和BCC之间的区别仅出现在文本标题中.在SMTP级别,每个人都是收件人.

TO - 收件人的地址有一个TO:标题

CC - 有一个带有此收件人地址的CC:标题

BCC - 标题中根本没有提到此收件人,但仍然是收件人.

如果你有

TO: abc@company.com
CC: xyz@company.com
BCC: boss@company.com

你有三个收件人.电子邮件正文中的标题将仅包含TO:和CC:

Answer 5

你可以试试MIMEText

msg = MIMEText('text')
msg['to'] = 
msg['cc'] = 

然后发送msg.as_string()

http://docs.python.org/library/email-examples.html

Answer 6

直到我创建它才对我有用:

#created cc string
cc = ""someone@domain.com;
#added cc to header
msg['Cc'] = cc

并且在收件人[list]中添加了cc,如:

s.sendmail(me, [you,cc], msg.as_string())

Answer 7

从2011年11月发布的Python 3.2开始，smtplib具有一个新功能，send_message而不仅仅是just sendmail，这使得处理To / CC / BCC更加容易。从Python官方电子邮件示例中提取信息，并进行一些细微修改，我们得到：

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.message import EmailMessage

# Open the plain text file whose name is in textfile for reading.
with open(textfile) as fp:
    # Create a text/plain message
    msg = EmailMessage()
    msg.set_content(fp.read())

# me == the sender's email address
# you == the recipient's email address
# them == the cc's email address
# they == the bcc's email address
msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you
msg['Cc'] = them
msg['Bcc'] = they


# Send the message via our own SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

使用标头可以正常工作，因为send_message遵循文档中概述的BCC：

send_message不传输可能在味精中显示的任何密件抄送或Resent-Bcc标头

随着sendmail这是共同的CC头添加到消息，做一些如：

msg['Bcc'] = blind.email@adrress.com

要么

msg = "From: from.email@address.com" +
      "To: to.email@adress.com" +
      "BCC: hidden.email@address.com" +
      "Subject: You've got mail!" +
      "This is the message body"

问题是，sendmail函数将所有这些标头视为相同，这意味着它们将被（明显地）发送给所有To：和BCC：用户，这违背了BCC的目的。如此处许多其他答案所示，解决方案是在标题中不包含密件抄送，而仅在传递给的电子邮件列表中包含BCC sendmail。

需要注意的是，它send_message需要一个Message对象，这意味着您需要从中导入一个类，email.message而不仅仅是将字符串传递到中sendmail。

Answer 8

由于我在“to”和“cc”中都有多个收件人，因此上述所有内容都不适合我。所以我尝试如下：

recipients = ['abc@gmail.com', 'xyz@gmail.com']
cc_recipients = ['lmn@gmail.com', 'pqr@gmail.com']
MESSAGE['To'] = ", ".join(recipients)
MESSAGE['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc_recipients)

并使用“cc_recipients”扩展“收件人”并以简单的方式发送邮件

recipients.extend(cc_recipients)
server.sendmail(FROM,recipients,MESSAGE.as_string())