Roy*_*mir 751 javascript arrays function
我已经知道apply并且call是类似的功能集this(函数的上下文).
不同之处在于我们发送参数的方式(手动与数组)
题:
但什么时候应该使用这种 bind()方法?
var obj = {
x: 81,
getX: function() {
return this.x;
}
};
alert(obj.getX.bind(obj)());
alert(obj.getX.call(obj));
alert(obj.getX.apply(obj));
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Cha*_*had 755
.bind()当您希望稍后使用特定上下文调用该函数时使用,在事件中很有用.使用.call()或.apply()当您想立即调用该函数时,并修改上下文.
调用/应用立即调用该函数,而bind返回一个函数,该函数在稍后执行时将具有用于调用原始函数的正确上下文集.这样,您可以在异步回调和事件中维护上下文.
我做了很多:
function MyObject(element) {
this.elm = element;
element.addEventListener('click', this.onClick.bind(this), false);
};
MyObject.prototype.onClick = function(e) {
var t=this; //do something with [t]...
//without bind the context of this function wouldn't be a MyObject
//instance as you would normally expect.
};
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我在Node.js中广泛使用它来获取我想传递成员方法的异步回调,但仍希望上下文成为启动异步操作的实例.
一个简单,天真的bind实现就像:
Function.prototype.bind = function(ctx) {
var fn = this;
return function() {
fn.apply(ctx, arguments);
};
};
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还有更多内容(比如传递其他args),但您可以阅读更多相关信息并查看MDN上的实际实现.
希望这可以帮助.
Cur*_*ero 431
它们都将它附加到函数(或对象)中,区别在于函数调用(见下文).
call 将此函数附加到函数中并立即执行函数:
var person = {
name: "James Smith",
hello: function(thing) {
console.log(this.name + " says hello " + thing);
}
}
person.hello("world"); // output: "James Smith says hello world"
person.hello.call({ name: "Jim Smith" }, "world"); // output: "Jim Smith says hello world"
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结合附此入功能和它需要被这样分开调用:
var person = {
name: "James Smith",
hello: function(thing) {
console.log(this.name + " says hello " + thing);
}
}
person.hello("world"); // output: "James Smith says hello world"
var helloFunc = person.hello.bind({ name: "Jim Smith" });
helloFunc("world"); // output: Jim Smith says hello world"
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或者像这样:
...
var helloFunc = person.hello.bind({ name: "Jim Smith" }, "world");
helloFunc(); // output: Jim Smith says hello world"
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apply类似于call,除了它采用类似数组的对象而不是一次列出一个参数:
function personContainer() {
var person = {
name: "James Smith",
hello: function() {
console.log(this.name + " says hello " + arguments[1]);
}
}
person.hello.apply(person, arguments);
}
personContainer("world", "mars"); // output: "James Smith says hello mars", note: arguments[0] = "world" , arguments[1] = "mars"
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Ami*_*hah 176
以简单形式回答
呼叫
var person1 = {firstName: 'Jon', lastName: 'Kuperman'};
var person2 = {firstName: 'Kelly', lastName: 'King'};
function say(greeting) {
console.log(greeting + ' ' + this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
say.call(person1, 'Hello'); // Hello Jon Kuperman
say.call(person2, 'Hello'); // Hello Kelly King
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应用
var person1 = {firstName: 'Jon', lastName: 'Kuperman'};
var person2 = {firstName: 'Kelly', lastName: 'King'};
function say(greeting) {
console.log(greeting + ' ' + this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
say.apply(person1, ['Hello']); // Hello Jon Kuperman
say.apply(person2, ['Hello']); // Hello Kelly King
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捆绑
var person1 = {firstName: 'Jon', lastName: 'Kuperman'};
var person2 = {firstName: 'Kelly', lastName: 'King'};
function say() {
console.log('Hello ' + this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
var sayHelloJon = say.bind(person1);
var sayHelloKelly = say.bind(person2);
sayHelloJon(); // Hello Jon Kuperman
sayHelloKelly(); // Hello Kelly King
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通话和申请是可以互换的.只需确定发送数组或逗号分隔的参数列表是否更容易.
我总是记得哪一个是记住Call是for逗号(分隔列表)和Apply是for Array.
绑定有点不同.它返回一个新函数.Call和Apply立即执行当前功能.
Bind非常适合很多事情.我们可以使用它来调整上面例子中的函数.我们可以使用一个简单的hello函数并将其转换为helloJon或helloKelly.我们也可以将它用于像onClick这样的事件,我们不知道什么时候它们会被解雇,但我们知道我们希望它们有什么背景.
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jan*_*mon 52
它允许设置值,this而与调用函数的方式无关.这在使用回调时非常有用:
function sayHello(){
alert(this.message);
}
var obj = {
message : "hello"
};
setTimeout(sayHello.bind(obj), 1000);
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为了达到相同的结果,call看起来像这样:
function sayHello(){
alert(this.message);
}
var obj = {
message : "hello"
};
setTimeout(function(){sayHello.call(obj)}, 1000);
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tk1*_*404 44
假设我们有multiplication功能
function multiplication(a,b){
console.log(a*b);
}
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让我们使用创建一些标准函数 bind
var multiby2 = multiplication.bind(this,2);
现在multiby2(b)等于乘法(2,b);
multiby2(3); //6
multiby2(4); //8
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如果我在bind中传递两个参数怎么办?
var getSixAlways = multiplication.bind(this,3,2);
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现在getSixAlways()等于乘法(3,2);
getSixAlways();//6
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甚至传递参数返回6;
getSixAlways(12); //6
var magicMultiplication = multiplication.bind(this);
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这将创建一个新的乘法函数并将其分配给magicMultiplication.
哦不,我们将乘法功能隐藏在magicMultiplication中.
调用
magicMultiplication返回一个空白function b()
在执行它它工作正常
magicMultiplication(6,5); //30
打电话和申请怎么样?
magicMultiplication.call(this,3,2); //6
magicMultiplication.apply(this,[5,2]); //10
简单来说,bind创建函数,call并apply执行函数,而apply期望数组中的参数
Joh*_*ers 31
双方Function.prototype.call()并Function.prototype.apply()调用具有给定函数this值,并返回该函数的返回值.
Function.prototype.bind()另一方面,创建一个具有给定this值的新函数,并返回该函数而不执行它.
那么,让我们看一个如下所示的函数:
var logProp = function(prop) {
console.log(this[prop]);
};
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现在,让我们看一个看起来像这样的对象:
var Obj = {
x : 5,
y : 10
};
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我们可以将函数绑定到我们的对象,如下所示:
Obj.log = logProp.bind(Obj);
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现在,我们可以Obj.log在代码中的任何位置运行:
Obj.log('x'); // Output : 5
Obj.log('y'); // Output : 10
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真正有趣的地方是,当你不仅绑定一个值this,而且还为它的参数绑定prop:
Obj.logX = logProp.bind(Obj, 'x');
Obj.logY = logProp.bind(Obj, 'y');
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我们现在可以这样做:
Obj.logX(); // Output : 5
Obj.logY(); // Output : 10
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Arh*_*ury 22
所有这些方法背后的主要概念是函数挖掘。
函数借用允许我们在另一个对象上使用一个对象的方法,而不必复制该方法并将其维护在两个不同的地方。它是通过使用 . 称呼() , 。apply() 或 . bind() ,所有这些都是为了在我们借用的方法上显式设置 this
以下是所有这些方法的示例
let name = {
firstname : "Arham",
lastname : "Chowdhury",
}
printFullName = function(hometown,company){
console.log(this.firstname + " " + this.lastname +", " + hometown + ", " + company)
}
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称呼
第一个参数例如调用方法中的名称始终是对(this)变量的引用,后者将是函数变量
printFullName.call(name,"Mumbai","Taufa"); //Arham Chowdhury, Mumbai, Taufa
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申请
apply 方法与 call 方法相同,唯一的区别是,函数参数是在数组列表中传递的
printFullName.apply(name, ["Mumbai","Taufa"]); //Arham Chowdhury, Mumbai, Taufa
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绑定
bind 方法与 call 相同,除了 bind 返回一个可以稍后通过调用使用的函数(不会立即调用它)
let printMyNAme = printFullName.bind(name,"Mumbai","Taufa");
printMyNAme(); //Arham Chowdhury, Mumbai, Taufa
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printMyNAme() 是调用函数的函数
下面是jsfiddle的链接
https://codepen.io/Arham11/pen/vYNqExp
小智 21
bind:它使用提供的值和上下文绑定函数,但它不执行函数.要执行功能,您需要调用该函数.
call:它使用提供的上下文和参数执行函数.
apply:它以提供的上下文和参数作为数组执行函数 .
zan*_*ngw 18
这是一篇很好的文章来说明它们之间的区别bind(),apply()并call()总结如下.
bind()允许我们容易地设定其特定对象将被绑定到该被调用的函数或方法时.
// This data variable is a global variable?
var data = [
{name:"Samantha", age:12},
{name:"Alexis", age:14}
]
var user = {
// local data variable?
data :[
{name:"T. Woods", age:37},
{name:"P. Mickelson", age:43}
],
showData:function (event) {
var randomNum = ((Math.random () * 2 | 0) + 1) - 1; // random number between 0 and 1?
console.log (this.data[randomNum].name + " " + this.data[randomNum].age);
}
}
// Assign the showData method of the user object to a variable?
var showDataVar = user.showData;
showDataVar (); // Samantha 12 (from the global data array, not from the local data array)?
/*
This happens because showDataVar () is executed as a global function and use of this inside
showDataVar () is bound to the global scope, which is the window object in browsers.
*/
// Bind the showData method to the user object?
var showDataVar = user.showData.bind (user);
// Now the we get the value from the user object because the this keyword is bound to the user object?
showDataVar (); // P. Mickelson 43?
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)bind() 允许我们借用方法
// Here we have a cars object that does not have a method to print its data to the console?
var cars = {
data:[
{name:"Honda Accord", age:14},
{name:"Tesla Model S", age:2}
]
}
// We can borrow the showData () method from the user object we defined in the last example.?
// Here we bind the user.showData method to the cars object we just created.?
cars.showData = user.showData.bind (cars);
cars.showData (); // Honda Accord 14?
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这个例子的一个问题是我们showData在cars对象上添加了一个新方法,我们可能不想只是借用一个方法,因为cars对象可能已经有一个属性或方法名称showData.我们不想意外覆盖它.正如我们在讨论会看到Apply和Call下面,最好是借使用A方法Apply或Call方法.
bind() 允许我们讨论一个功能
函数Currying,也称为部分函数应用程序,是使用一个函数(接受一个或多个参数),该函数返回一个已经设置了一些参数的新函数.
function greet (gender, age, name) {
// if a male, use Mr., else use Ms.?
var salutation = gender === "male" ? "Mr. " : "Ms. ";
if (age > 25) {
return "Hello, " + salutation + name + ".";
}else {
return "Hey, " + name + ".";
}
}
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我们可以使用bind()咖喱这个greet功能
// So we are passing null because we are not using the "this" keyword in our greet function.
var greetAnAdultMale = greet.bind (null, "male", 45);
greetAnAdultMale ("John Hartlove"); // "Hello, Mr. John Hartlove."
var greetAYoungster = greet.bind (null, "", 16);
greetAYoungster ("Alex"); // "Hey, Alex."?
greetAYoungster ("Emma Waterloo"); // "Hey, Emma Waterloo."
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)apply()或者call()设置此值
的apply,call和bind方法都是使用调用方法时设置这个值,他们这样做稍微不同的方式,让我们的JavaScript代码中使用直接控制和多功能性.
设置此值时,apply和call几乎相同,只是将函数参数apply ()作为数组传递,而必须单独列出参数以将它们传递给call ()方法.
下面是一个使用call或在回调函数中apply设置它的示例.
// Define an object with some properties and a method?
// We will later pass the method as a callback function to another function?
var clientData = {
id: 094545,
fullName: "Not Set",
// setUserName is a method on the clientData object?
setUserName: function (firstName, lastName) {
// this refers to the fullName property in this object?
this.fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
}
};
function getUserInput (firstName, lastName, callback, callbackObj) {
// The use of the Apply method below will set the "this" value to callbackObj?
callback.apply (callbackObj, [firstName, lastName]);
}
// The clientData object will be used by the Apply method to set the "this" value?
getUserInput ("Barack", "Obama", clientData.setUserName, clientData);
// the fullName property on the clientData was correctly set?
console.log (clientData.fullName); // Barack Obama
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)使用apply或借用函数call
借用阵列方法
让我们创建一个array-like对象并借用一些数组方法来操作类似数组的对象.
// An array-like object: note the non-negative integers used as keys?
var anArrayLikeObj = {0:"Martin", 1:78, 2:67, 3:["Letta", "Marieta", "Pauline"], length:4 };
// Make a quick copy and save the results in a real array:
// First parameter sets the "this" value?
var newArray = Array.prototype.slice.call (anArrayLikeObj, 0);
console.log (newArray); // ["Martin", 78, 67, Array[3]]?
// Search for "Martin" in the array-like object?
console.log (Array.prototype.indexOf.call (anArrayLikeObj, "Martin") === -1 ? false : true); // true?
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另一种常见情况是转换arguments为数组如下
// We do not define the function with any parameters, yet we can get all the arguments passed to it?
function doSomething () {
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call (arguments);
console.log (args);
}
doSomething ("Water", "Salt", "Glue"); // ["Water", "Salt", "Glue"]
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var gameController = {
scores :[20, 34, 55, 46, 77],
avgScore:null,
players :[
{name:"Tommy", playerID:987, age:23},
{name:"Pau", playerID:87, age:33}
]
}
var appController = {
scores :[900, 845, 809, 950],
avgScore:null,
avg :function () {
var sumOfScores = this.scores.reduce (function (prev, cur, index, array) {
return prev + cur;
});
this.avgScore = sumOfScores / this.scores.length;
}
}
// Note that we are using the apply () method, so the 2nd argument has to be an array?
appController.avg.apply (gameController);
console.log (gameController.avgScore); // 46.4?
// appController.avgScore is still null; it was not updated, only gameController.avgScore was updated?
console.log (appController.avgScore); // null?
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)使用apply()执行可变元数函数
这Math.max是变量函数的一个例子,
// We can pass any number of arguments to the Math.max () method?
console.log (Math.max (23, 11, 34, 56)); // 56
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但是,如果我们有一系列数字要传递Math.max呢?我们不能这样做:
var allNumbers = [23, 11, 34, 56];
// We cannot pass an array of numbers to the the Math.max method like this?
console.log (Math.max (allNumbers)); // NaN
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这是该apply ()方法帮助我们执行可变参数函数的地方.而不是上面的,我们必须使用apply ()传递数字数组:
var allNumbers = [23, 11, 34, 56];
// Using the apply () method, we can pass the array of numbers:
console.log (Math.max.apply (null, allNumbers)); // 56
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call/apply立即执行函数:
func.call(context, arguments);
func.apply(context, [argument1,argument2,..]);
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bind不会立即执行函数,但返回包装的apply函数(以便以后执行):
function bind(func, context) {
return function() {
return func.apply(context, arguments);
};
}
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句法
这里
function printBye(message1, message2){
console.log(message1 + " " + this.name + " "+ message2);
}
var par01 = { name:"John" };
var msgArray = ["Bye", "Never come again..."];
printBye.call(par01, "Bye", "Never come again...");
//Bye John Never come again...
printBye.call(par01, msgArray);
//Bye,Never come again... John undefined
//so call() doesn't work with array and better with comma seperated parameters
//printBye.apply(par01, "Bye", "Never come again...");//Error
printBye.apply(par01, msgArray);
//Bye John Never come again...
var func1 = printBye.bind(par01, "Bye", "Never come again...");
func1();//Bye John Never come again...
var func2 = printBye.bind(par01, msgArray);
func2();//Bye,Never come again... John undefined
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调用应用和绑定。以及它们有何不同。
让我们学习使用任何日常术语来调用和应用。
你有三辆汽车your_scooter , your_car and your_jet,它们以相同的机制(方法)开始。我们automobile用一个方法创建了一个对象push_button_engineStart。
var your_scooter, your_car, your_jet;
var automobile = {
push_button_engineStart: function (runtime){
console.log(this.name + "'s" + ' engine_started, buckle up for the ride for ' + runtime + " minutes");
}
}
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让我们了解什么时候使用 call 和 apply 。让我们假设您是一名工程师并且您拥有your_scooter,your_car并且your_jet没有附带 push_button_engine_start 并且您希望使用第三方push_button_engineStart。
如果您运行以下代码行,它们将给出错误。为什么?
//your_scooter.push_button_engineStart();
//your_car.push_button_engineStart();
//your_jet.push_button_engineStart();
automobile.push_button_engineStart.apply(your_scooter,[20]);
automobile.push_button_engineStart.call(your_jet,10);
automobile.push_button_engineStart.call(your_car,40);
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所以上面的例子成功地给 your_scooter, your_car, your_jet 一个来自汽车对象的特征。
让我们深入了解
这里我们将拆分上面的代码行。
automobile.push_button_engineStart正在帮助我们获得正在使用的方法。
此外,我们使用点表示法使用 apply 或 call。
automobile.push_button_engineStart.apply()
现在 apply 和 call 接受两个参数。
所以在这里我们在最后一行代码中设置上下文。
automobile.push_button_engineStart.apply(your_scooter,[20])
call 和 apply 之间的区别只是 apply 接受数组形式的参数,而 call 只能接受逗号分隔的参数列表。
什么是JS绑定函数?
绑定函数基本上是绑定事物的上下文,然后将其存储到变量中以供稍后执行。
让我们把前面的例子做得更好。之前我们使用了一个属于汽车对象的方法,并用它来装备your_car, your_jet and your_scooter. 现在让我们想象一下,我们想要push_button_engineStart在我们希望的执行的任何后期阶段单独地单独启动我们的汽车。
var scooty_engineStart = automobile.push_button_engineStart.bind(your_scooter);
var car_engineStart = automobile.push_button_engineStart.bind(your_car);
var jet_engineStart = automobile.push_button_engineStart.bind(your_jet);
setTimeout(scooty_engineStart,5000,30);
setTimeout(car_engineStart,10000,40);
setTimeout(jet_engineStart,15000,5);
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还是不满意?
让我们用泪珠说清楚吧。实验的时间。我们将返回调用和应用函数应用程序并尝试存储函数的值作为参考。
下面的实验失败了,因为 call 和 apply 是立即调用的,因此,我们永远不会进入将引用存储在变量中的阶段,这是绑定函数窃取节目的地方
var test_function = automobile.push_button_engineStart.apply(your_scooter);
const person = {
name: "Lokamn",
dob: 12,
print: function (value,value2) {
console.log(this.dob+value+value2)
}
}
const anotherPerson= {
name: "Pappu",
dob: 12,
}
person.print.call(anotherPerson,1,2)
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name: "Lokamn",
dob: 12,
print: function (value,value2) {
console.log(this.dob+value+value2)
}
}
const anotherPerson= {
name: "Pappu",
dob: 12,
}
person.print.apply(anotherPerson,[1,2])
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**call 和 apply 函数是不同的,call 接受单独的参数,但 apply 接受数组,如:[1,2,3] **
name: "Lokamn",
dob: 12,
anotherPerson: {
name: "Pappu",
dob: 12,
print2: function () {
console.log(this)
}
}
}
var bindFunction = person.anotherPerson.print2.bind(person)
bindFunction()
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Call: call调用函数并允许你一一传递参数
Apply: Apply 调用函数并允许您将参数作为数组传递
Bind: Bind 返回一个新函数,允许您传入 this 数组和任意数量的参数。
var person1 = {firstName: 'Raju', lastName: 'king'};
var person2 = {firstName: 'chandu', lastName: 'shekar'};
function greet(greeting) {
console.log(greeting + ' ' + this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
function greet2(greeting) {
console.log( 'Hello ' + this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName);
}
greet.call(person1, 'Hello'); // Hello Raju king
greet.call(person2, 'Hello'); // Hello chandu shekar
greet.apply(person1, ['Hello']); // Hello Raju king
greet.apply(person2, ['Hello']); // Hello chandu shekar
var greetRaju = greet2.bind(person1);
var greetChandu = greet2.bind(person2);
greetRaju(); // Hello Raju king
greetChandu(); // Hello chandu shekarRun Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
小智 5
调用,应用和绑定之间的基本区别是:
如果您希望执行上下文出现在图片的后面,将使用Bind。
例如:
var car = {
registrationNumber: "007",
brand: "Mercedes",
displayDetails: function(ownerName){
console.log(ownerName + ' this is your car ' + '' + this.registrationNumber + " " + this.brand);
}
}
car.displayDetails('Nishant'); // **Nishant this is your car 007 Mercedes**
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假设我想在其他变量中使用此方法
var car1 = car.displayDetails('Nishant');
car1(); // undefined
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要在其他变量中使用car的引用,您应该使用
var car1 = car.displayDetails.bind(car, 'Nishant');
car1(); // Nishant this is your car 007 Mercedes
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让我们谈谈绑定函数的更广泛使用
var func = function() {
console.log(this)
}.bind(1);
func();
// Number: 1
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为什么?因为现在func与数字1绑定,如果在这种情况下不使用bind,它将指向全局对象。
var func = function() {
console.log(this)
}.bind({});
func();
// Object
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当您想同时执行该语句时,将使用Call,Apply。
var Name = {
work: "SSE",
age: "25"
}
function displayDetails(ownerName) {
console.log(ownerName + ", this is your name: " + 'age' + this.age + " " + 'work' + this.work);
}
displayDetails.call(Name, 'Nishant')
// Nishant, this is your name: age25 workSSE
In apply we pass the array
displayDetails.call(Name, ['Nishant'])
// Nishant, this is your name: age25 workSSE
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小智 5
call() :-- 这里我们单独传递函数参数,而不是以数组格式
var obj = {name: "Raushan"};
var greeting = function(a,b,c) {
return "Welcome "+ this.name + " to "+ a + " " + b + " in " + c;
};
console.log(greeting.call(obj, "USA", "INDIA", "ASIA"));
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apply() :-- 这里我们以数组格式传递函数参数
var obj = {name: "Raushan"};
var cal = function(a,b,c) {
return this.name +" you got " + a+b+c;
};
var arr =[1,2,3]; // array format for function arguments
console.log(cal.apply(obj, arr));
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绑定():--
var obj = {name: "Raushan"};
var cal = function(a,b,c) {
return this.name +" you got " + a+b+c;
};
var calc = cal.bind(obj);
console.log(calc(2,3,4));
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