更改位图的像素颜色

Question

我试图改变位图的像素颜色,如果它是白色的.我写了以下代码.但它非常慢!我想检查像素的颜色是否为白色,如果是白色,则将颜色更改为黑色.

任何人都可以提出更好的方法吗？

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  BitMap1 : TBitmap;
  X, Y, Size : Integer;

  P: Cardinal;
begin
  BitMap1 := TBitmap.Create;
  bitMap1.LoadFromFile('image1.bmp');

  for Y := 0 to Bitmap1.Height - 1 do
  begin
    for X := 0 to Bitmap1.width  * size - 1 do
    begin
    p := BitMap1.Canvas.Pixels[X,Y];
    if p = 255 then
      BitMap1.Canvas.Pixels[X,Y] := 0;

    end;
  end;

  Image1.Picture.Assign(BitMap1);
end;

Answer 1

ScanLine由于您正在处理Pixels访问速度较慢的大量像素,因此请务必使用该属性来访问位图像素.要支持24位和32位位图来替换您选择的颜色,我会使用以下内容:

procedure ReplaceColor(ABitmap: TBitmap; ASource, ATarget: TColor);
type
  TRGBBytes = array[0..2] of Byte;
var
  I: Integer;
  X: Integer;
  Y: Integer;
  Size: Integer;
  Pixels: PByteArray;
  SourceColor: TRGBBytes;
  TargetColor: TRGBBytes;
const
  TripleSize = SizeOf(TRGBBytes);
begin
  case ABitmap.PixelFormat of
    pf24bit: Size := TripleSize;
    pf32bit: Size := SizeOf(TRGBQuad);
  else
    raise Exception.Create('Bitmap must be 24-bit or 32-bit format!');
  end;

  for I := 0 to TripleSize - 1 do
  begin
    // fill the array of bytes with color channel values in BGR order,
    // the same would do for the SourceColor from ASource parameter:
    // SourceColor[0] := GetBValue(ASource);
    // SourceColor[1] := GetGValue(ASource);
    // SourceColor[2] := GetRValue(ASource);
    // but this is (just badly readable) one liner
    SourceColor[I] := Byte(ASource shr (16 - (I * 8)));
    // the same do for the TargetColor array from the ATarget parameter
    TargetColor[I] := Byte(ATarget shr (16 - (I * 8)));
  end;

  for Y := 0 to ABitmap.Height - 1 do
  begin
    // get a pointer to the currently iterated row pixel byte array
    Pixels := ABitmap.ScanLine[Y];
    // iterate the row horizontally pixel by pixel
    for X := 0 to ABitmap.Width - 1 do
    begin
      // now imagine, that you have an array of bytes in which the groups of
      // bytes represent a single pixel - e.g. the used Pixels array for the
      // first 2 pixels might look like this for 24-bit and 32-bit bitmaps:

      // Pixels   [0][1][2]     [3][4][5]
      // 24-bit    B  G  R       B  G  R
      // Pixels   [0][1][2][3]  [4][5][6][7]
      // 32-bit    B  G  R  A    B  G  R  A

      // from the above you can see that you'll need to multiply the current
      // pixel iterator by the count of color channels to point to the first
      // (blue) color channel in that array; and that's what that (X * Size)
      // is for here; X is a pixel iterator, Size is size of a single pixel:          

      // X * 3    (0 * 3)       (1 * 3)
      //           ?             ?
      // Pixels   [0][1][2]     [3][4][5]
      // 24-bit    B  G  R       B  G  R

      // X * 4    (0 * 4)       (1 * 4)
      //           ?             ?
      // Pixels   [0][1][2][3]  [4][5][6][7]
      // 32-bit    B  G  R  A    B  G  R  A

      // so let's compare a BGR value starting at the (X * Size) position of
      // the Pixels array with the SourceColor array and if it matches we've
      // found the same colored pixel, if so then...
      if CompareMem(@Pixels[(X * Size)], @SourceColor, TripleSize) then
        // copy the TargetColor color byte array values to that BGR position
        // (in other words, replace the color channel bytes there)
        Move(TargetColor, Pixels[(X * Size)], TripleSize);
    end;
  end;
end;

用法:

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  Bitmap: TBitmap;
begin
  Bitmap := TBitmap.Create;
  try
    Bitmap.LoadFromFile('d:\Image.bmp');
    ReplaceColor(Bitmap, clWhite, clBlack);
    Image1.Picture.Assign(Bitmap);
  finally
    Bitmap.Free;
  end;
end;

对于具有最多256种颜色的纯GDI和位图,您可以使用该CreateMappedBmp功能.

Answer 2

您应该使用扫描线.例:

procedure ChangeWhiteToBlack(var Bitmap: TBitmap);
var
  scanline: PRGBTriple;
  y: Integer;
  x: Integer;
begin
  Assert(Bitmap.PixelFormat = pf24bit);
  for y := 0 to Bitmap.Height - 1 do
  begin
    scanline := Bitmap.ScanLine[y];
    for x := 0 to Bitmap.Width - 1 do
    begin
      with scanline^ do
      begin
        if (rgbtBlue = 255) and (rgbtGreen = 255) and (rgbtRed = 255) then
          FillChar(scanline^, sizeof(TRGBTriple), 0);
      end;
      inc(scanline);
    end;
  end;
end;

试试这个:

procedure TForm5.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
  bm: TBitmap;
begin
  bm := TBitmap.Create;
  try
    bm.LoadFromFile('C:\Users\Andreas Rejbrand\Desktop\test.bmp');
    ChangeWhiteToBlack(bm);
    bm.SaveToFile('C:\Users\Andreas Rejbrand\Desktop\test2.bmp');
  finally
    bm.Free;
  end;
end;

更新:您只需对代码进行非常小的修改即可使其在32位位图上工作:

procedure ChangeWhiteToBlack32(var Bitmap: TBitmap);
var
  scanline: PRGBQuad;
  y: Integer;
  x: Integer;
begin
  Assert(Bitmap.PixelFormat = pf32bit);
  for y := 0 to Bitmap.Height - 1 do
  begin
    scanline := Bitmap.ScanLine[y];
    for x := 0 to Bitmap.Width - 1 do
    begin
      with scanline^ do
      begin
        if (rgbBlue = 255) and (rgbGreen = 255) and (rgbRed = 255) then
          FillChar(scanline^, sizeof(TRGBQuad), 0);
      end;
      inc(scanline);
    end;
  end;
end;

事实上,你可以做到

procedure ChangeWhiteToBlack24(var Bitmap: TBitmap);
var
  scanline: PRGBTriple;
  y: Integer;
  x: Integer;
begin
  Assert(Bitmap.PixelFormat = pf24bit);
  for y := 0 to Bitmap.Height - 1 do
  begin
    scanline := Bitmap.ScanLine[y];
    for x := 0 to Bitmap.Width - 1 do
    begin
      with scanline^ do
      begin
        if (rgbtBlue = 255) and (rgbtGreen = 255) and (rgbtRed = 255) then
          FillChar(scanline^, sizeof(TRGBTriple), 0);
      end;
      inc(scanline);
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure ChangeWhiteToBlack32(var Bitmap: TBitmap);
var
  scanline: PRGBQuad;
  y: Integer;
  x: Integer;
begin
  Assert(Bitmap.PixelFormat = pf32bit);
  for y := 0 to Bitmap.Height - 1 do
  begin
    scanline := Bitmap.ScanLine[y];
    for x := 0 to Bitmap.Width - 1 do
    begin
      with scanline^ do
      begin
        if (rgbBlue = 255) and (rgbGreen = 255) and (rgbRed = 255) then
          FillChar(scanline^, sizeof(TRGBQuad), 0);
      end;
      inc(scanline);
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure ChangeWhiteToBlack(var Bitmap: TBitmap);
begin
  case Bitmap.PixelFormat of
    pf24bit: ChangeWhiteToBlack24(Bitmap);
    pf32bit: ChangeWhiteToBlack32(Bitmap);
  else
    raise Exception.Create('Pixel format must be pf24bit or pf32bit.');
  end;
end;

如果您不想制作一个适用于24位和32位位图的单个过程,就像TLama这样做.[有两个独立程序的一个好处是这些简短的程序更容易阅读(和维护).]