与异步lambda并行的foreach

Question

我想并行处理一个集合,但是我在实现它时遇到了麻烦,因此我希望得到一些帮助.

如果我想在并行循环的lambda中调用C#中标记为async的方法,则会出现问题.例如:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
Parallel.ForEach(myCollection, async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}
var count = bag.Count;

计数为0时会出现问题,因为创建的所有线程实际上只是后台线程,并且Parallel.ForEach调用不等待完成.如果我删除async关键字,该方法如下所示:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
Parallel.ForEach(myCollection, item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var responseTask = await GetData(item);
  responseTask.Wait();
  var response = responseTask.Result;
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}
var count = bag.Count;

它工作,但它完全禁用等待聪明,我必须做一些手动异常处理..(为简洁起见删除).

如何实现一个Parallel.ForEach在lambda中使用await关键字的循环？可能吗？

Parallel.ForEach方法的原型采用Action<T>as参数,但我希望它等待我的异步lambda.

Answer 1

如果您只想要简单的并行性,可以这样做:

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
var tasks = myCollection.Select(async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
});
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
var count = bag.Count;

如果你需要更复杂的东西,请查看Stephen Toub的ForEachAsync帖子.

Answer 2

Parallel.ForEachAsync是新的 .NET 6 API 之一，它是一种安排异步工作的方法，允许您控制并行度：

var urls = new [] 
{
    "https://dotnet.microsoft.com",
    "https://www.microsoft.com",
    "https://stackoverflow.com"
};

var client = new HttpClient();

var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2 };
await Parallel.ForEachAsync(urls, options, async (url, token) =>
{
    var targetPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "http_cache", url);

    var response = await client.GetAsync(url);

    if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        using var target = File.OpenWrite(targetPath);

        await response.Content.CopyToAsync(target);
    }
});

Scott Hanselman 博客中的另一个例子。

来源，供参考。

Answer 3

您可以使用AsyncEnumerator NuGet Package中的ParallelForEachAsync扩展方法:

using Dasync.Collections;

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
await myCollection.ParallelForEachAsync(async item =>
{
  // some pre stuff
  var response = await GetData(item);
  bag.Add(response);
  // some post stuff
}, maxDegreeOfParallelism: 10);
var count = bag.Count;

Answer 4

用SemaphoreSlim你可以实现并行控制。

var bag = new ConcurrentBag<object>();
var maxParallel = 20;
var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(initialCount: maxParallel);
var tasks = myCollection.Select(async item =>
{
  try
  {
     await throttler.WaitAsync();
     var response = await GetData(item);
     bag.Add(response);
  }
  finally
  {
     throttler.Release();
  }
});
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
var count = bag.Count;

Answer 5

从其他答案和接受的 asnwer 引用的文章编译的最简单的扩展方法：

public static async Task ParallelForEachAsync<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, Task> asyncAction, int maxDegreeOfParallelism)
{
    var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(initialCount: maxDegreeOfParallelism);
    var tasks = source.Select(async item =>
    {
        await throttler.WaitAsync();
        try
        {
            await asyncAction(item).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
        finally
        {
            throttler.Release();
        }
    });
    await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
}

更新：这是一个简单的修改，它还支持评论中请求的取消令牌（未经测试）

public static async Task ParallelForEachAsync<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, CancellationToken, Task> asyncAction, int maxDegreeOfParallelism, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(initialCount: maxDegreeOfParallelism);
    var tasks = source.Select(async item =>
    {
        await throttler.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
        if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested) return;

        try
        {
            await asyncAction(item, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
        finally
        {
            throttler.Release();
        }
    });
    await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
}

Answer 6

我的 ParallelForEach 异步的轻量级实现。

特征：

1. 节流（最大并行度）。
2. 异常处理（完成时会抛出聚合异常）。
3. 内存高效（无需存储任务列表）。

public static class AsyncEx
{
    public static async Task ParallelForEachAsync<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, Task> asyncAction, int maxDegreeOfParallelism = 10)
    {
        var semaphoreSlim = new SemaphoreSlim(maxDegreeOfParallelism);
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
        var exceptions = new ConcurrentBag<Exception>();
        bool addingCompleted = false;

        foreach (T item in source)
        {
            await semaphoreSlim.WaitAsync();
            asyncAction(item).ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                semaphoreSlim.Release();

                if (t.Exception != null)
                {
                    exceptions.Add(t.Exception);
                }

                if (Volatile.Read(ref addingCompleted) && semaphoreSlim.CurrentCount == maxDegreeOfParallelism)
                {
                    tcs.TrySetResult(null);
                }
            });
        }

        Volatile.Write(ref addingCompleted, true);
        await tcs.Task;
        if (exceptions.Count > 0)
        {
            throw new AggregateException(exceptions);
        }
    }
}

使用示例：

await Enumerable.Range(1, 10000).ParallelForEachAsync(async (i) =>
{
    var data = await GetData(i);
}, maxDegreeOfParallelism: 100);