Fra*_*ank 6 polymorphism fortran pointers fortran2003
对于一个新项目,我正在考虑使用 Fortran2003 的面向对象特性。我尝试过的一件事涉及一个过程指针,它指向一个函数(不是子例程),该函数返回一个指向多态类型的指针。我想知道这样的构造是否合法,因为我从不同的编译器得到了混合的结果(见下文)。
作为一个具体的例子,考虑以下函数接口:
abstract interface
function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
import :: test_t
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
end function if_new_test
end interface
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并且使用代码应该有一个过程指针,可以指向具有这个接口的函数:
procedure(if_new_test),pointer :: nt
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我在问这是否合法,因为 gfortran (4.7.2) 用消息抱怨这个过程指针声明:
错误:(1) 处的 CLASS 变量“nt”必须是虚拟的、可分配的或指针
我不明白这个错误信息,因为nt它本身是一个指针,它指向的函数返回的也是一个指针。
作为参考,示例的完整源代码如下。第一,包含我的派生类型、接口和函数/子例程的模块:
module test_m
implicit none
type :: test_t
character(len=10) :: label
contains
procedure :: print => print_test
end type test_t
type,extends(test_t) :: test2_t
character(len=10) :: label2
contains
procedure :: print => print_test2
end type test2_t
abstract interface
function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
import :: test_t
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
end function if_new_test
subroutine if_make_test(t,lbls)
import :: test_t
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
end subroutine if_make_test
end interface
contains
subroutine print_test(self)
implicit none
class(test_t),intent(in) :: self
print *, self%label
end subroutine print_test
subroutine print_test2(self)
implicit none
class(test2_t),intent(in) :: self
print *, self%label, self%label2
end subroutine print_test2
function new_test(lbls) result(t)
implicit none
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
call make_test(t,lbls)
end function new_test
function new_test2(lbls) result(t)
implicit none
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
call make_test2(t,lbls)
end function new_test2
subroutine make_test(t,lbls)
implicit none
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
allocate(test_t::t)
t%label = lbls(1)
end subroutine make_test
subroutine make_test2(t,lbls)
implicit none
class(test_t),pointer :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
allocate(test2_t::t)
select type(t) ! so the compiler knows the actual type
type is(test2_t)
t%label = lbls(1)
t%label2 = lbls(2)
class default
stop 1
end select
end subroutine make_test2
end module test_m
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以及使用这个模块的主程序:
program test
use test_m
implicit none
class(test_t),pointer :: p
procedure(if_make_test),pointer :: mt
procedure(if_new_test),pointer :: nt
mt => make_test
call mt(p,["foo"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
mt => make_test2
call mt(p,["bar","baz"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
p => new_test(["foo"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
p => new_test2(["bar","baz"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
nt => new_test
p => nt(["foo"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
nt => new_test2
p => nt(["bar","baz"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
end program test
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该程序首先通过子例程 make_test和创建对象make_test2,在我的测试中,这适用于我尝试过的所有编译器。接下来,通过直接调用函数 new_testand来创建对象new_test2,这也适用于我的测试。最后,对象应该再次通过这些函数创建,但间接通过过程指针创建nt。
如上所述,gfortran (4.7.2) 不编译nt.
ifort (12.0.4.191) 在行上产生一个内部编译器错误nt => new_test。
pgfortran (12.9) 编译时没有警告,可执行文件产生预期的结果。
那么,根据Fortran2003,我试图做的事情是非法的,还是编译器对这些功能的支持仍然不足?我应该只使用子程序而不是函数(因为这似乎有效)?
你的代码似乎没问题。我可以使用 Intel 13.0.1 和 NAG 5.3.1 编译它,没有任何问题。较旧的编译器可能在使用 Fortran 2003 的更“花哨”功能时遇到问题。
根据问题的不同,您还可以使用可分配类型而不是指针。应该更能防止内存泄漏,另一方面,您将无法返回多态类型作为函数的结果:
module test_m
implicit none
type :: test_t
character(len=10) :: label
contains
procedure :: print => print_test
end type test_t
type,extends(test_t) :: test2_t
character(len=10) :: label2
contains
procedure :: print => print_test2
end type test2_t
abstract interface
function if_new_test(lbls) result(t)
import :: test_t
class(test_t), allocatable :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
end function if_new_test
subroutine if_make_test(t,lbls)
import :: test_t
class(test_t), allocatable :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
end subroutine if_make_test
end interface
contains
subroutine print_test(self)
class(test_t), intent(in) :: self
print *, self%label
end subroutine print_test
subroutine print_test2(self)
class(test2_t), intent(in) :: self
print *, self%label, self%label2
end subroutine print_test2
subroutine make_test(t,lbls)
class(test_t), allocatable :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
allocate(test_t::t)
t%label = lbls(1)
end subroutine make_test
subroutine make_test2(t,lbls)
class(test_t), allocatable :: t
character(len=*),intent(in) :: lbls(:)
allocate(test2_t::t)
select type(t) ! so the compiler knows the actual type
type is(test2_t)
t%label = lbls(1)
t%label2 = lbls(2)
class default
stop 1
end select
end subroutine make_test2
end module test_m
program test
use test_m
implicit none
class(test_t), allocatable :: p
procedure(if_make_test), pointer :: mt
mt => make_test
call mt(p, ["foo"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
mt => make_test2
call mt(p, ["bar","baz"])
call p%print
deallocate(p)
end program test
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还有一点要注意:模块级别上的隐式 none 语句是由模块过程“继承”的,因此您不必在每个额外的子例程中发出它。