Sql PIVOT和字符串连接聚合

Question

我想使用数据透视SQL查询来构造一个结果表,其中连接文本作为数据透视表的DATA部分中的结果.

即使用简单的选择我得到以下结果:

+------------+-----------------+---------------+
| Event Name | Resource Type   | Resource Name |
+------------+-----------------+---------------+
| Event 1    | Resource Type 1 | Resource 1    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 1 | Resource 2    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 2 | Resource 3    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 2 | Resource 4    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 5    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 6    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 7    |
| Event 1    | Resource Type 4 | Resource 8    |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 5 | Resource 1    |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 2 | Resource 3    |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 11   |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 12   |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 3 | Resource 13   |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 4 | Resource 14   |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 5 | Resource 9    |
| Event 2    | Resource Type 5 | Resource 16   |
+------------+-----------------+---------------+

我想构建一个如下所示的结果查询:

+---------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| Event/Resource Type | Resource Type 1        | Resource Type 2        | Resource Type 3                       | Resource Type 4 | Resource Type 5                     |
+---------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| Event 1             | Resource 1, Resource 2 | Resource 3, Resource 4 | Resource 5, Resource 6, Resource 7    | Resource 8      | NULL                                |
| Event 2             | NULL                   | Resource 3             | Resource 11, Resource 12, Resource 13 | Resource 14     | Resource 1, Resource 9, Resource 16 |
+---------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+

我知道如何在ms-sql中使用PIVOT语句,但我不知道如何将资源名称聚合为每种资源类型的逗号分隔项的串联.

PS我还可以使用SSRS 2008-R2提供的Martix解决方案,使用Report Builde 3,第一个表作为我的数据集,并创建一个矩阵,将资源名称聚合成逗号分隔的字符串.

Answer 1

为了获得结果,首先应将值连接到逗号分隔列表中.

我会用CROSS APPLY和FOR XML PATH:

SELECT distinct e.[Event Name],
  e.[Resource Type],
  LEFT(r.ResourceName , LEN(r.ResourceName)-1) ResourceName
FROM yourtable e
CROSS APPLY
(
    SELECT r.[Resource Name] + ', '
    FROM yourtable r
    where e.[Event Name] = r.[Event Name]
      and e.[Resource Type] = r.[Resource Type]
    FOR XML PATH('')
) r (ResourceName)

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.给你结果:

| EVENT NAME |   RESOURCE TYPE |                          RESOURCENAME |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|    Event 1 | Resource Type 1 |                Resource 1, Resource 2 |
|    Event 1 | Resource Type 2 |                Resource 3, Resource 4 |
|    Event 1 | Resource Type 3 |    Resource 5, Resource 6, Resource 7 |
|    Event 1 | Resource Type 4 |                            Resource 8 |
|    Event 2 | Resource Type 2 |                            Resource 3 |
|    Event 2 | Resource Type 3 | Resource 11, Resource 12, Resource 13 |
|    Event 2 | Resource Type 4 |                           Resource 14 |
|    Event 2 | Resource Type 5 |   Resource 1, Resource 9, Resource 16 |

然后,您将应用PIVOT此结果:

SELECT [Event Name],
  [Resource Type 1], [Resource Type 2],
  [Resource Type 3], [Resource Type 4],
  [Resource Type 5]
FROM
(
  SELECT distinct e.[Event Name],
    e.[Resource Type],
    LEFT(r.ResourceName , LEN(r.ResourceName)-1) ResourceName
  FROM yourtable e
  CROSS APPLY
  (
      SELECT r.[Resource Name] + ', '
      FROM yourtable r
      where e.[Event Name] = r.[Event Name]
        and e.[Resource Type] = r.[Resource Type]
      FOR XML PATH('')
  ) r (ResourceName)
) src
pivot
(
  max(ResourceName)
  for [Resource Type] in ([Resource Type 1], [Resource Type 2],
                          [Resource Type 3], [Resource Type 4],
                          [Resource Type 5])
) piv

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.您的最终结果将是:

| EVENT NAME |        RESOURCE TYPE 1 |        RESOURCE TYPE 2 |                       RESOURCE TYPE 3 | RESOURCE TYPE 4 |                     RESOURCE TYPE 5 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|    Event 1 | Resource 1, Resource 2 | Resource 3, Resource 4 |    Resource 5, Resource 6, Resource 7 |      Resource 8 |                              (null) |
|    Event 2 |                 (null) |             Resource 3 | Resource 11, Resource 12, Resource 13 |     Resource 14 | Resource 1, Resource 9, Resource 16 |

Answer 2

这在 SQL 2008 中对我有用，而且它是动态的 - 将处理额外的Resource Type

工作SQLFiddle

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#test') IS NOT NULL
  DROP TABLE #test

GO

CREATE TABLE #test
  (
     eventName    VARCHAR(30),
     resourceType VARCHAR(30),
     resourceName VARCHAR(30)
  );

INSERT INTO #test
VALUES      ('Event 1','Resource Type 1','Resource 1'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 1','Resource 2'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 2','Resource 3'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 2','Resource 4'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 3','Resource 5'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 3','Resource 6'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 3','Resource 7'),
            ('Event 1','Resource Type 4','Resource 8'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 5','Resource 1'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 2','Resource 3'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 3','Resource 11'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 3','Resource 12'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 3','Resource 13'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 4','Resource 14'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 5','Resource 9'),
            ('Event 2','Resource Type 5','Resource 16');

DECLARE @resourceTypes VARCHAR(max);

SELECT @resourceTypes = stuff((SELECT DISTINCT ',[' + resourceType + ']'
                               FROM   #test
                               FOR xml path('')), 1, 1, '');
DECLARE @query NVARCHAR(max);

SET @query = 'SELECT *
FROM   (SELECT eventName,
               resourceType,
               stuff((SELECT '','' + resourceName + ''''
                      FROM   #test b
                      WHERE  a.eventName = b.eventName
                             AND a.resourceType = b.resourceType
                      FOR xml path('''')), 1, 1, '''') resourceName
        FROM   #test a
        GROUP  BY eventName,
                  resourceType) AS data PIVOT (max(resourceName) FOR resourceType IN (' + @resourceTypes + ')) AS pvt';

EXEC(@query);

DROP TABLE #test;