Chi*_*hiP 13 c memory malloc shared dynamic
我正在尝试共享像这个
例子的结构:
typedef struct {
int* a;
int b;
int c;
} ex;
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在进程之间,问题是当我使用malloc初始化'a'时,它变为私有的进程堆执行此操作(或者至少我认为这是发生的事情).有没有办法用这个有效的结构创建共享内存(使用shmget,shmat)?
编辑:我在Linux上工作.
编辑:我有一个初始化缓冲区的进程,如下所示:
key_t key = ftok("gr", 'p');
int mid = shmget(key, sizeof(ex), IPC_CREAT | 0666);
ex* e = NULL;
status b_status = init(&e, 8); //init gives initial values to b c and allocate space for 'a' with a malloc
e = (ex*)shmat(mid, NULL, 0);
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另一个进程将自己附加到共享内存,如下所示:
key_t key = ftok("gr", 'p');
int shmid = shmget(key, sizeof(ex), 0);
ex* e;
e = (ex*)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
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然后从a获取一个元素,在这种情况下,在位置1
int i = get_el(e, 1);
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首先,要共享您的int *a字段指向的内容,您需要复制与之相关的整个内存。因此,您将需要一个至少可以容纳size_t shm_size = sizeof(struct ex) + get_the_length_of_your_ex();.
从现在开始,既然你提到了 shmget 和 shmat,我就假设你运行的是 Linux 系统。
第一步是创建共享内存段。如果您可以确定int *a内容大小的上限,那将是一件好事。这样您就不必一遍又一遍地创建/删除共享内存段。但如果这样做,则需要额外的开销来说明实际数据需要多长时间。我会假设一个简单的方法size_t可以达到这个目的。
然后,在您创建细分之后,您必须正确设置数据以使其包含您想要的内容。请注意,虽然内存段的物理地址始终相同,但在调用时shmat您将获得虚拟指针,这些指针仅在调用shmat. 下面的示例代码应该为您提供一些技巧。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
/* Assume a cannot point towards an area larger than 4096 bytes. */
#define A_MAX_SIZE (size_t)4096
struct ex {
int *a;
int b;
int c;
}
int shm_create(void)
{
/*
* If you need to share other structures,
* You'll need to pass the key_t as an argument
*/
key_t k = ftok("/a/path/of/yours");
int shm_id = 0;
if (0 > (shm_id = shmget(
k, sizeof(struct ex) + A_MAX_SIZE + sizeof(size_t), IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL|0666))) {
/* An error occurred, add desired error handling. */
}
return shm_id;
}
/*
* Fill the desired shared memory segment with the structure
*/
int shm_fill(int shmid, struct ex *p_ex)
{
void *p = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
void *tmp = p;
size_t data_len = get_my_ex_struct_data_len(p_ex);
if ((void*)(-1) == p) {
/* Add desired error handling */
return -1;
}
memcpy(tmp, p_ex, sizeof(struct ex));
tmp += sizeof(struct ex);
memcpy(tmp, &data_len, sizeof(size_t);
tmp += 4;
memcpy(tmp, p_ex->a, data_len);
shmdt(p);
/*
* If you want to keep the reference so that
* When modifying p_ex anywhere, you update the shm content at the same time :
* - Don't call shmdt()
* - Make p_ex->a point towards the good area :
* p_ex->a = p + sizeof(struct ex) + sizeof(size_t);
* Never ever modify a without detaching the shm ...
*/
return 0;
}
/* Get the ex structure from a shm segment */
int shm_get_ex(int shmid, struct ex *p_dst)
{
void *p = shmat(shmid, NULL, SHM_RDONLY);
void *tmp;
size_t data_len = 0;
if ((void*)(-1) == p) {
/* Error ... */
return -1;
}
data_len = *(size_t*)(p + sizeof(struct ex))
if (NULL == (tmp = malloc(data_len))) {
/* No memory ... */
shmdt(p);
return -1;
}
memcpy(p_dst, p, sizeof(struct ex));
memcpy(tmp, (p + sizeof(struct ex) + sizeof(size_t)), data_len);
p_dst->a = tmp;
/*
* If you want to modify "globally" the structure,
* - Change SHM_RDONLY to 0 in the shmat() call
* - Make p_dst->a point to the good offset :
* p_dst->a = p + sizeof(struct ex) + sizeof(size_t);
* - Remove from the code above all the things made with tmp (malloc ...)
*/
return 0;
}
/*
* Detach the given p_ex structure from a shm segment.
* This function is useful only if you use the shm segment
* in the way I described in comment in the other functions.
*/
void shm_detach_struct(struct ex *p_ex)
{
/*
* Here you could :
* - alloc a local pointer
* - copy the shm data into it
* - detach the segment using the current p_ex->a pointer
* - assign your local pointer to p_ex->a
* This would save locally the data stored in the shm at the call
* Or if you're lazy (like me), just detach the pointer and make p_ex->a = NULL;
*/
shmdt(p_ex->a - sizeof(struct ex) - sizeof(size_t));
p_ex->a = NULL;
}
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请原谅我的懒惰,因为它在共享内存中完全未使用,所以完全不复制struct exint *a指针的值将是空间优化的,但我省去了额外的代码来处理这个(以及一些指针检查,如p_ex 参数完整性)。
但是当您完成后,您必须找到一种方法在您的进程之间共享 shm ID。这可以使用套接字、管道...或使用ftok相同的输入来完成。
您在 Windows 还是 Linux 下工作?无论如何,您需要的是内存映射文件。此处包含代码示例的文档,
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366551%28VS.85%29.aspx http://menehune.opt.wfu.edu/Kokua/More_SGI/007-2478-008/sgi_html/ch03 .html