使用GLUT和MinGW的未定义引用

Question

编译用C编写的OpenGL程序时,下面显示的初始命令会产生以下错误.

C:\Users\razz\Desktop>gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `__glutInitWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x37): undefined reference to `__glutCreateWindowWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `__glutCreateMenuWithExit'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `_imp__glClear'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to `_imp__glLoadIdentity'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `_imp__glRotatef'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xdd): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0xfe): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x11f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x140): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x161): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x182): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1a3): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1c4): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1e5): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1ec): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x1fa): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x21b): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x25d): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x27e): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x29f): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2a6): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2d5): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x2f6): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x317): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x338): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x359): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x360): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x36e): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x38f): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3b0): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3d1): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x3f2): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x413): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x41a): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x428): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x449): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x46a): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x48b): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4ac): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4cd): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4d4): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x4e2): undefined reference to `_imp__glBegin'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x503): undefined reference to `_imp__glColor3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x524): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x545): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x566): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x587): undefined reference to `_imp__glVertex3f'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x58e): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnd'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x595): undefined reference to `_imp__glFlush'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x59c): undefined reference to `glutSwapBuffers'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x617): undefined reference to `glutPostRedisplay'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x645): undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x65d): undefined reference to `_imp__glEnable'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x66c): undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x678): undefined reference to `glutSpecialFunc'
C:\Users\razz\AppData\Local\Temp\ccs833b1.o:mycube.c:(.text+0x67d): undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

我知道之前在题为"使用GLUT的未定义参考"和"GLUT程序链接错误"的主题中已经提出过这个问题.

不幸的是,他们的大部分术语都在我之上,所以我不太确定如何应用他们的解决方案.其次,根据操作系统,编译器,GLUT版本等数十种可能的配置,我甚至不确定他们的场景是否与我的相关.这是我的情景:

使用Windows 7 x64

使用此处提供的GLUT:http://www.prinmath.com/csci5229/misc/install.html(下载链接是"我的GLUT版本")

你应该关心的C程序是http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Cube-in-OpenGL

我安装了MinGW,"gcc"命令有效; 我已经成功编译了一个简单的'Hello World'C程序

头文件位于C:\ MinGW\include\GL\glut.h中

我将glut32.dll放在C:\ Windows\system32和C:\ Windows\SysWOW64中

libglut32cu.a位于C:\ MinGW\lib,C:\ MinGW\usr\lib,C:\ MinGW\usr\lib64.我知道它只需要一个,技术上,但我尝试了所有三个希望其中一个可以工作.上述PrinMath网站上的说明建议在我的错误发生时尝试后两个文件夹.他还建议使用"-L标志告诉链接器它在哪里".所以我尝试在命令提示符下输入:

gcc -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

不幸的是,结果是一样的.

Answer 1

在源文件mycube.c的顶部，您必须包括

#include<windows.h>

或包含

#include<GL/gl.h> or #include<GL/glu.h>

然后编译您的代码，将不会出现此类错误。

Answer 2

您下载的 glut 库是为 32 位程序构建的。看起来您的 MinGW 正在为 64 位目标构建，该目标使用与 32 位不同的名称（并且无论如何都不兼容）。

尝试添加 -m32 选项让 MinGW 构建 32 位程序：

gcc -m32 -Wall -ofoo mycube.c -L"C:\MinGW\lib" -lglut32cu -lglu32 -lopengl32

请注意，mt 64 位 MinGW 编译器（来自http://tdm-gcc.tdragon.net/download的 gcc 版本 4.6.1 (tdm64-1) ）给出了有关此问题的小线索：

ld.exe: skipping incompatible .\glut32\lib/libglut32cu.a when searching for -lglut32cu
ld.exe: cannot find -lglut32cu