如何使用 PostgreSQL 中的选择查询中的默认值将值插入表中？

Question

是否可以INSERT从SELECT语句DEFAULT中将值放入 PostgreSQL 表并使用空列的值？

就我而言，该SELECT语句是从 JSON 中选择的。

在下面的尝试中，我通过显式检索序列取得了成功，但我希望有一种方法可以使用 DEFAULT 值进行 INSERT。或者选择 DEFAULT 值而不必显式调用默认函数。

-- Example table
create table animals
(
    id serial,
    nm character varying (30) NOT NULL, --name
    typ character varying(10),
    tvi integer,
    tvf numeric(8,3)
);


insert into animals VALUES (DEFAULT,'mouse','m',4,12.45);

select row_to_json(a) from animals a;

select * from json_populate_record(null::animals,'{"id":null,"nm":"mouse","typ":"m","tvi":4,"tvf":12.450}');

--All good.


-- Attempt #1
INSERT INTO animals
select id ,nm,typ,tvi,tvf from json_populate_record(null::animals,'{"id":null,"nm":"mouse","typ":"m","tvi":4,"tvf":12.450}');

/*
ERROR:  null value in column "id" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, mouse, m, 4, 12.450).
********** Error **********

ERROR: null value in column "id" violates not-null constraint
SQL state: 23502
Detail: Failing row contains (null, mouse, m, 4, 12.450).
*/


-- Attempt #2
INSERT INTO animals
select DEFAULT,nm,typ,tvi,tvf from json_populate_record(null::animals,'{"id":null,"nm":"mouse","typ":"m","tvi":4,"tvf":12.450}');

/*  I didn't  expect this to work, but it does illustrate what I am trying to accomplish
ERROR:  syntax error at or near "DEFAULT"
LINE 2: select DEFAULT,nm,typ,tvi,tvf from json_populate_record(null...
               ^
********** Error **********

ERROR: syntax error at or near "DEFAULT"
SQL state: 42601
Character: 28

*/


-- Attempt #3
INSERT INTO animals
select nextval('animals_id_seq'::regclass),nm,typ,tvi,tvf from json_populate_record(null::animals,'{"id":null,"nm":"mouse","typ":"m","tvi":4,"tvf":12.450}');

/*  This works, but I'm hoping for a way to accomplish this without knowing the underlying functions generating the default values.
Query returned successfully: one row affected, 11 msec execution time.
*/

select version();  --'PostgreSQL 9.5.1, compiled by Visual C++ build 1800, 64-bit'

Answer 1

如果在 Tablename 之后添加所有 ColumnsNames（不包括 'id' 列），则会自动插入序列，如：

INSERT INTO animals(nm,typ,tvi,tvf) select nm,typ,tvi,tvf from json_po..... 

您还可以添加一个缺省值在您的专栏，设置一个默认值，如果列不是在插入列列表。